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24 protocols using resomer rg 503h

1

PLGA Polymer Labeling Protocol

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PLGA (Resomer RG 503H and Resomer RG 752H) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. ATTO 488–NHS ester and Atto 633 amine were purchased from ATTO-TEC GmbH (Germany) and used as stock solutions (10 mg/ml) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless otherwise specified. All chemicals were used as received.
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2

Neuroblastoma Cell Line Culture

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The polymer poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Resomer® RG 503 H (PLGA 50:50, inherent viscosity 0.32–0.44 dL/g, molecular weight 24,000–38,000), and PVA (molecular weight 13,000–23,000, 87%–89% hydrolyzed) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). All other solvents and chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade. SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA), and were grown as a monolayer in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin and streptomycin at 37°C in a saturated humid atmosphere with 5% CO2.
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3

Clarithromycin-loaded Polymer Nanoparticles

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Clarithromycin was a kind gift from Sanovel (Istanbul, Turkey). Resomer® RG 502 H [Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), acid-terminated, lactide:glycolide 50:50, Mw: 7.000–17.000], Resomer® RG 503 H [Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), acid-terminated, lactide:glycolide 50:50, Mw: 24.000–38.000], Resomer® RG 504 H [Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), acid-terminated, lactide:glycolide 50:50, Mw: 38.000–54.000], and Span® 60 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Low Mw chitosan [Deacetylated chitin/Poly (d-glucosamine), Mw: 50.000–190.000 Da, viscosity: 20–300 cP] was purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). Pluronic® F-68 was purchased from Alfa-Aesar (Kandel, Germany). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
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4

Formulation and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles

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Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide: glycolide 50:50 (molecular weight 30,000–60,000), Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide: glycolide 75:25 (molecular weight 66,000–107,000) and Resomer® RG 503H, Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide), acid terminated, lactide: glycolide 50:50 (molecular weight 24,000–38,000) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St, Louis, MO, USA. AC1LPSZG was provided by our collaborator at Baylor College of Medicine. Spectra/Por® Float-A-Lyzer G2 dialysis cells (cellulose ester, amber color cap, 1 ml, 300 kDa molecular weight cut–off (MWCO)) were purchased from Spectra Labs, Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA. Kolliphor® P188 (Poloxamer 188 or Lutrol® F68) and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (or Cetrimonium Bromide, CTAB) and was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St, Louis, MO, Tween® 80 (Polyoxyethylene (80) Sorbitan Monooleate) was purchased from EMD Chemicals Inc.,Gibbstown, NJ, USA) and Sodium lauryl sulfate was bought from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA.
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5

Formulation Development of GLPG0555 Nanoparticles

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Analytical grade acetone (ACE) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt was obtained from Fluka Analytical (Buchs, Switzerland). Analytical grade solvents dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol (EtOH) were acquired from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Dimethylsulfoxide, D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 succinate (TPGS), methanol (MeOH, analytical grade), acetonitrile (analytical grade), phosphate buffer saline tablets, poloxamer 407 (P407), Resomer® RG 503 H, Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide), Resomer® RG 653 H, Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (see more information about all the polymers used in the Supplementary material [SM], Table S1), sodium azide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and Tween®80 (polysorbate 80, T80) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Sant Louis, MO). Resomer® RG 753 H, PLGA and Resomer® R 203 H, PLA were procured from Evonik (Essen, Germany). The investigational active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) GLPG0555 (MW: 410.43) was provided by Galapagos NV (Mechelen, Belgium). Lutrol® F68 (poloxamer 188, P188) was adquired from BASF (Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid was acquired from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Yttrium-stabilized Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) Ø 0.5-mm grinding beads were purchased from Next Advance (Troy, NY).
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6

Preparation and Characterization of Membrane-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles

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PLGA nanoparticles were prepared with o/w single emulsion. 1mL of PLGA (resomer® RG 503 H, Sigma Aldrich, USA) dissolved in dichloromethane (6 mg/ml) was added dropwise into 6ml of 0.5% PVA solution. SD-208 (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was mixed with PLGA solution with a polymer-to-drug ratio of 10:1. For the fluorescence imaging experiment, Cy5.5 NHS or DiD (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was loaded into the PLGA solution at 5% (w/w). The mixture was then agitated with 200RPM until the dichloromethane was evaporated entirely. After the dichloromethane was evaporated, the solution was centrifuged and washed twice with distilled water at 20,000 g for 20 min to remove the unloaded-free drugs or dyes Membrane-coated nanoparticles were prepared with the sonication method. In short, the cell membrane was mixed with PLGA NP with a 1:1 weight ratio (w/w) and sonicated in a water bath sonicator for 3 min. In order to remove the uncoated nanoparticles, the mixture was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 20 min.
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7

PLGA Microspheres for Rapamycin Delivery

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Microspheres fabricated from PLGA were used to slowly elute the antifibrotic drug rapamycin. The polymer used to form the PLGA microspheres was 50:50 lactic acid to glycolic acid with 29 kDA molecular weight (Resomer RG 503 H; Sigma-Aldrich). An oil-in-water emulsion with solvent evaporation technique as previous described39 (link),105 (link),106 (link). Briefly, 1 mg of rapamycin was dissolved in 100 µL of absolute ethanol. The rapamycin-ethanol solution vortex emulsified dropwise for 30 s in 250 mg PLGA dissolved in 1 mL of methylene chloride. The mixture was then emulsified in 2 mL of 2% (w/v) poly vinyl alcohol for 30 s. This solution was then mixed with 100 mL of 0.3% (w/v) poly vinyl alcohol and 100 mL of 2% (w/v) isopropanol and stirred for 1 h to evaporate methylene chloride. The microspheres are then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 3 min and washed three times with distilled water and centrifugation. The liquid is then discarded, and the microspheres are frozen at −80 °C for 1 h. Lastly, the microspheres are dried overnight under vacuum and then used for scaffold manufacture.
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8

PLGA Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) (Resomer® RG 503 H, 50:50 lactic: glycolic ratio MW34 kDa), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 87–89% degree of hydrolysis, M. wt 31,000–50,000), Tween-80, Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Acetone, Ethanol Dichloromethane (DCM) and Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical/HPLC grade. Milli-Q® water was used throughout the study.
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9

Lipid-Mediated Gene Delivery Optimization

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Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer® RG 503H, free carboxylic acid, MW 24–38 kD), dichloromethane, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, MW 30–70 kD, 87–90% hydrolyzed), polyethylenimine (linear, MW 2.5 kD), poloxamer 407, class B CpG ODN 2007 (phosphorothioate backbone modified with a sequence of 5'-TCGTCGTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT-3' and its non-CpG ODN form, FITC-LPS (derived from Escherichia coli O111:B4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (derived from Escherichia coli O111:B4, TLR ligand tested) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Pam3CSK4 and Rhodamine-Pam3CSK4 (endotoxin level tested) were obtained from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Quant-iT™ OliGreen® ssDNA reagent was from Life Technologies.
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10

Rivoceranib-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles

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Rivoceranib was obtained from HLB Bio (Seoul, Korea). Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers (Resomer RG502 (50:50, Mw 7000–17,000), Resomer RG502H (50:50, Mw 7000–17,000) and Resomer RG503H (50:50, Mw 24,000–38,000)), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methylene chloride, acetonitrile, and methanol were of analytical grade and used without purification (J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). All the liquid solutions were sterilized by autoclave or filtration (0.45 µm filter unit, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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