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19 protocols using omni bead ruptor elite

1

Liver Metabolomics Sample Preparation

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Liver extracts were prepared based on previous methods [29 (link)]. Liver samples were pre-weighed (120–150 mg) and placed into MagNA Lyser tubes containing ~50 beads. Cold homogenization solution, 5× (5 μL/mg of tissue) (80:20 methanol: H2O), was added to each tube, while keeping the samples frozen. Method blanks were prepared by adding 500 μL of homogenization solution to four empty MagNA Lyser tubes with beads and were processed identically to study samples. Samples were homogenized on an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite at 5 m/s for 30 s. Protein and tissue debris were pelleted by centrifuging samples at 4 °C and 16,000× g for 10 min. A volume of 200 μL of supernatant was transferred to new pre-labeled 2.0 mL low-bind Eppendorf tubes and dried by SpeedVac overnight. All samples were reconstituted by adding 500 μL of Tissue Reconstitution Solution (95:5 H2O:methanol with 500 ng/mL Tryptophan-d5) and vortexing at 5000 rpm for 10 min on a multi-tube vortexer, followed by centrifugation at 4 °C and 16,000× g for 10 min. Supernatants were transferred to autosampler vials, and 5 μL of each study sample was combined to make a total QCSP. An injection volume of 5 μL was used for untargeted LC-MS analysis.
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2

Quantitative Lipid Profiling of Liver

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A total of 50–100 mg of frozen liver are homogenized in the Omni Bead Ruptor Elite with 2 mL homogenizer tube system (Omni, 19-628D). Samples are homogenized in cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 3 cycles of 10 s each at 5 m/s with a 10 s dwell time between cycles. A total of 3–6 mg of homogenized material are applied to a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction26 (link). Prior to biphasic extraction, a 13 lipid class Lipidyzer Internal Standard Mix is added to each sample (AB Sciex, 5040156). Following two successive extractions, pooled organic layers are dried down in a Genevac EZ-2 Elite. Lipid samples are resuspended in 1:1 methanol/dichloromethane with 10 mM ammonium acetate and transferred to robovials (Thermo 10800107) for analysis.
Samples are analyzed on the Sciex Lipidyzer Platform for targeted quantitative measurement of 1100 lipid species across 13 lipid sub-classes. Differential Mobility Device on Lipidyzer is tuned with SelexION tuning kit (Sciex 5040141). Instrument settings, tuning settings, and MRM list available upon request. Data analysis performed on Lipidyzer software. Quantitative values are normalized to milligrams of material used.
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3

Biofilm RNA Isolation Protocol

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3610 biofilms were grown for 36 h in either buffered or minimally buffered MSgg media. Each biofilm was harvested into 1 mL of pre-chilled 50% methanol solution. The biofilm was then pelleted by centrifugation, aspirated to remove supernatant, and flash frozen with liquid nitrogen before being stored overnight at -80°C. RNA was then isolated using the QIAGEN RNeasy kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with lysis being completed by 30s of bead-beating using Lysis Matrix B tubes in the Omni Bead Ruptor Elite bead beating machine.
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4

Quantitative RT-PCR for Gene Expression

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RT-PCR was performed as previously described (50 (link)). Total RNA was isolated from cell cultures using the NucleoSpin RNA kit (Supplemental Table 1) and quantified by Nanodrop. Total RNA was isolated from 30 to 80 mg of snap frozen tissues by homogenization in 500 μL extraction buffer in Omni Hard Tissue homogenization vials using an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (8 cycles of 15 seconds on, 30 seconds off, speed 8) chilled to 4°C, and isolated using the NucleoSpin RNA kit. Reverse transcription was performed using the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Supplemental Table 1). Quantitative PCR was performed using EvaGreen qPCR Master Mix on the QuantStudio3 system (Supplemental Table 1). RNA expression values were normalized to housekeeping gene (ACTIN, Actb) expression, calculated using the ΔΔCt method, and reported as relative expression to vehicle control-treated samples. Primer sequences are indicated in Supplemental Table 1.
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5

Castrated Mouse Xenograft Model

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Male B-NDG® (B-NDG) mice (B: Biocytogen; N: NOD background; D: DNAPK (Prkdc) null; G: IL2rgknockout) mice (aged 4 to 6 weeks) were obtained from Beijing Biocytogen. All mouse studies were conducted under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Cells (1 × 107 cells) were implanted subcutaneously into the right flank of the intact mice with Matrigel (Corning, #354234). Mice were castrated and implanted with DHEA sustained-released pellets (EZBioscience, China) and randomly assigned into different groups when the xenografts reached approximately 200 mm3 (length × width × width × 0.5). Stratified randomization was applied. Mice were first separated into different groups, according to the tumor size. Groups were then randomly assigned with different treatments. Tumor growth was measured every 2-3 days with a caliper. Student t test was used for significance calculation. ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.01.
Xenograft tissues harvested from mice at the endpoint were homogenized in 1x RIPA buffer containing 10 μM MG132 and EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail via OMNI Bead Ruptor Elite (OMNI international, USA). The homogenate were further clarified by sonication and centrifugation before ready for western blot detection.
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6

Liver Lipid Extraction and Analysis

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Liver lipids were isolated using the Bligh and Dyer (1959) (link) method. Briefly, tissue was homogenized with ceramic beads in methanol using an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (Omni International, Kennesaw, GA) for 30 sec at 4 meters/sec. The resulting homogenate was then mixed with 1 mL of water (accounting for 65% water content in liver tissue) and 0.9 mL chloroform. An additional 1 mL water, 0.9 mL chloroform and 1 mL methanol were added and then mixed. The organic layer was isolated by centrifugation (1200 × g for 10 min), and solvent was evaporated. The residue was re-suspended in methanol, and liver lipid content was normalized with exact tissue weight. Triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were measured using colorimetric assay kits from Pointe Scientific Inc. (Canton, MI) according to the manufacturer protocols.
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7

Viral Transport Media Processing

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One mL of viral transport media was transferred from the original sample collection tube to a 2 mL screw cap tube (Omni International Inc, Cat. No. 19–647) and sealed. Sample tubes were then loaded into the Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (Cat. No. 19–647) for processing [10 (link)]. The samples were run at 4.2 m/s for 30 s, removed from the device, and allowed to sit for 60s following processing to allow for any forth in the tubes to settle [10 (link)].
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8

Extraction and Analysis of PFOS in Liver

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Liver PFOS was extracted using a slightly modified previously published method (Chang et al., 2017 (link)). Frozen liver tissues (~50 mg) was homogenized in 2 mL Omni Hard Tissue Homogenizing tubes containing 1.4 mm ceramic beads, with 400 μL cold, deionized water spiked with a fixed amount of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard (13C4-PFOS, Wellington Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, Product code: MPFOS). Using an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (Omni International, Kennesaw, GA), the mixture was homogenized for 30 seconds at 4 m/s. 250 μL of homogenate was digested overnight at room temperature in 10% 1N KOH. 100 μL of digested homogenate was further treated with 100 μL of 2N HC1, 500 μL 1N formic acid, 500 μL of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 5 mL methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The solution was mixed on a shaker (20-30 min at room temperature). The organic and aqueous layers were separated by centrifugation (2500 × g, 5 min), and an exact volume of MTBE (4.5 mL) was removed from the solution. The top organic layer was subsequently transferred to a new tube and evaporated. The resulting sample was reconstituted with 20 mL of acetonitrile and water (1:1) prior to LC-MS/MS analysis.
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9

Metabolite Extraction for Cell Samples

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After treatment, metabolites were extracted from cell samples as described previously [91 (link),92 (link),93 (link)]. Briefly, treatment media were aspirated, and cells were washed with 5 mL of ice-cold PBS. After aspirating off PBS, 2 mL of ice-cold 80% methanol was added to culture dishes, and cells were detached using cell scrapers. Cell suspensions were added to MagNA lyser homogenization tubes with ceramic beads inside and were lysed using an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (OMNI International) at 6.00 m/s for two cycles at 45 s each with 30 s dwell time between each cycle. Additional 80% methanol was added to each tube to normalize for protein concentration. Samples were centrifuged at 16,000× g at 4 °C for 10 min and supernatants were transferred to autosampler vials for analysis by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Quality control study pools (QCSP) were created by combining 10 µL of each sample into a single mixture. Method blanks were created by adding 500 µL of 80% methanol to empty MagNA lyser tubes and were processed in an identical manner as the study samples.
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10

Tumor Tissue Lysis and Protein Extraction

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Fragments from resected tumors were weighed (30–80 mg), transferred to Omni Hard Tissue homogenization vials, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C before processing. 7.5 μL/mg tissue of tissue lysis buffer (50 mM ammonium bicarbonate pH 7.2, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 12 mM sodium laurel sarcosine; supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails) was added and samples were homogenized using an Omni Bead Ruptor Elite (8 cycles of: 15 seconds on, 30 seconds off, speed 8) chilled to 4°C. Tissue homogenates were cleared by centrifugation at 12,000 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C. Cleared lysates were normalized using the BCA method and prepared for immunoblot analysis.
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