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6 protocols using zorbax eclipse xdb c18 analytical column

1

HPLC Analysis of Chemical Compounds

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HPLC analyses were performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity system that includes a 1260 quaternary pump VL, a 1260 ALS autosampler, a 1260 Thermostatted Column Compartment, and a DAD Multiple Wavelength Detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Detection wavelengths were set at 220, 230, 254, and 280 nm but only 220 nm was used for analysis. A Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) from Agilent Technologies was used. Mobile phase A consisted of 10 mM aqueous ammonium formate buffer titrated to pH 4.5. Mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile. The injection volume of samples was 10 μL, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was set at 25°C. Samples were prepared by preparing a 1 mg/mL solution in 1:1 A:B. All samples were injected in duplicate with a wash in between each run. Run time was 10 minutes with a mobile phase ratio (isocratic) of 1:1 for A:B. Chromatograms were analyzed using the Agilent ChemStation Software (Agilent Technologies). Purity values were calculated from area under the curves of the absorbance at 220 nm of any resulting peaks.
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2

Quantification of HBAMP in Human Saliva

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The protocols in this section were approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University. The methods employed were performed in accordance with the approved guidelines. After acquiring informed consent, human saliva was collected from individual volunteers (two males and two females; Minimum age: 22; maximum age: 28) in the morning prior to oral cleaning. The collected saliva samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was collected and filtered through the 0.45 mm membrane filter to remove any debris. HBAMP was added into the human saliva to achieve the final concentration of 500 μg/ml. The saliva with HBAMP was incubated at 37 °C. At 0, 5, 20 and 60 min, 1 ml samples were taken from the total sample and served in the specific sample bottles, the machine will automatically extract samples from the bottles to detect. The samples were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC using Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) protected by a XDB-C18 guard column (4 × 4 mm). For the elution of HBAMP, a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and a linear gradient from 88:12 to 65:35 (0.1% TFA in water: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile) for 10 min were employed. Total run time of HPLC-UV (215 nm) analysis was 15 min and the injection volume was set at 40 μL.
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3

Synthesis of Cubane Derivatives via Thiolation Reactions

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Potassium tert-butoxide, 4-methoxybenzenethiol (3), benzenethiol (4), naphthalene-2-thiol (11) and potassium diphenylphosphide solution (0.5 M in THF) are commercially available and used as received. Methyl-4-iodocubane-1-carboxylate (1) and 1,4-diiodocubane (2) were synthesized according to ref. 18 (link). DMSO is Carlo Erba and stored under molecular sieves (4 Å). 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a 400 MHz Bruker nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. HR-MS were recorded on a Bruker, MicroTOF Q II equipment, operated with an ESI source in (positive/negative) mode, using nitrogen as nebulizing and drying gas and sodium formate 10 mM as internal standard. Gas chromatographic analyses were performed on a Varian 3900 GC with flame ionization detector on a FactorFour capillary column (VF-5 MS, 30 m, 0.32 mm, 0.25 micron). GC-MS analyses were carried out on a Shimadzu GC-MS QP5050 spectrometer, employing a 30 m, 0.32 mm, 0.25 micron, DB-5 MS column. Irradiation was performed in a reactor equipped with two 400 W lamps (Philips model Master HPI-T Plus, air- and water-cooled). The Fig. SI-1 in ESI shows the spectrum of the lamps. HPLC analyses were carried out on a Waters 1525 Binary HPLC Pump connected to a Waters 2998 Photodiode Array Detector, and employing an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 Analytical column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm).
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4

Quantification of NAEs in Tissue Samples

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NAEs (AEA, OEA, PEA, DHEA, EPEA) were identified and quantified in the Protein Chemistry Laboratory (directed by Dr. Larry Dangott at Texas A&M) essentially as in (Jian et al. 2010 ) with the following modifications: separation by liquid chromatography was achieved by Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm × 150 mm × 5-micron, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) and Accela 1250 LC pump (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA). Mass spectrometry analysis was performed by Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher) equipped with an atmospheric-pressure heated electo-spray ionization source in positive polarity mode. Capillary temperature was 300°C, spray voltage 4.0 kV, capillary voltage 40.0 V, tube lens voltage 105.0 V, and skimmer voltage 26.0 V. Fatty acyl ethanolamides in the tissue samples were identified on the basis of column retention time, parent ion molecular weight (M+1), and comparison with an external standard bracket that contained a known amount (100, 200, 500, 1000100, 200, 500, 2000, or 5000 pg) of each non-deuterated NAE (AEA, OEA, PEA, DHEA, EPEA) as well as 400 pg of the respective deuterated NAE as above. Quantification of each fatty acyl ethanolamine in the tissue sample was achieved using Xcalibur software (Thermo Fisher) followed by comparison of peak area with appropriate standard peak area. Values are expressed as pmol of NAE/g wet tissue.
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5

UPLC Assay for p-Cresol Quantification

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An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography assay (UPLC, Shimadzu Nexera-i LC-2040 C, Kyoto, Japan) was developed and validated to quantify the concentrations of p-cresol in HepaRG cell culture. Thirty µL of cell supernatant or lysates was collected and deproteinated with 90 µL methanol (containing 50 µg/mL 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP), the internal standard). The mixture was protected from light during sample extraction at room temperature (i.e., 23.5 °C) for 20 min. After extraction, the mixture was vortexed and sonicated at room temperature for 30 s and centrifuged at 4000× g at 4 °C for 10 min. Subsequently, the supernatant (50 µL) was injected into the autosampler and separated using the Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (5 μm particle size, 4.6 mm inner diameter, 250 mm length; Agilent Technologies, Mississauga, ON, Canada) at a temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol (26:74, v/v) supplemented with 0.5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.025% formic acid at an isocratic flow rate of 0.3 mL/minute. The wavelength of the ultraviolet detector was 280 nm for both p-Cresol and DMP, which was pre-optimized based on control spectral scans (Shimadzu UV-2600i, Kyoto, Japan). The assay was validated following the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s guidance document [37 ].
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6

Quantification of Gossypol in Cotton Leaves

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The total gossypol concentration in leaves from TM-1, PGF-silenced TM-1, Hai-1, 2(Gl2gl3), 2(gl2Gl3) and 2(gl2gl3) plants was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)39 . Each 100 mg of freeze-dried plant sample was dissolved with 1 ml leaf extraction (acetonitrile/water/phosphoric acid=80:20:0.1) for 1 h. The leaf extraction was centrifuged at low speed for 5 min and then transferred the supernatant carefully at room temperature. The eluent was filtered through a 0.22-μm nylon filter into a vial for HPLC analysis with Agilent Zorbax eclipse XDB-C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 micron). The column was eluted with buffer (EtOH/MeOH/IPA/ACN/H2O/EtOAc/DMF/PPAcD=16.7:4.6:12.1:20.2:37.4:3.8:5.1:0.1) and kept at 35±1 °C during the procedure. The determination wave length was 272 nm. Standards of gossypol, hemigossypolone, were used to assess the retention time of the individual terpenoids. The concentration of these compounds was calculated using Agilent 1100 system by comparing to the gossypol standard curve. All the reagents were of analytical grade and were made in China, with the exception of gossypol, which was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co.
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