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4 protocols using rnapii

1

Subcellular Fractionation Using REAP Method

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Subcellular fractionation was performed using the REAP method with the minor modification of using one 10-cm plate for each fractionation condition [43 (link)].
Cell lysates were prepared with lysis buffer (50 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40) and quantified by Bradford assay. Equivalent amounts of each sample were resolved by SDS-PAGE, electrotransferred to PVDF membrane, and blotted for the indicated proteins. Antibodies: FUS (Santa Cruz; diluted 1:5000), GAPDH (Invitrogen; diluted 1:5000), H3 (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA; diluted 1:1000), Hsp90 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; diluted 1:1000), RNAPII (Millipore; 1:1000), Ser2 RNAPII (Abcam; diluted 1:1000), RTA (diluted 1:10,000), ORF57 (diluted 1:1000), and bZIP (diluted 1:2000). Primary antibodies were followed by AlexaFluor 680-conjugated anti-rabbit and anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA; 1:5000) and visualized by Li-Cor Odyssey.
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2

ChIP-seq Analysis of Transcription Factors

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MC3T3 cells were transfected with siRNA and/or stimulated with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 1 hour. ChIP assays were performed using ChIP-IT kit (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA, USA).(39 (link)) Isolated DNA was subjected to real-time PCR using specific primers from IDT.
For some of the experimental studies, the cells were washed and incubated with Wnt3a (100 ng/mL) or Bmp2 (100 ng/mL) for 4 hours. About 45 minutes before stimulation, some of the cells were incubated with TNFα (10 ng/mL). After stimulation, protein synthesis was inhibited by incubating the cells with cycloheximide for 3 hours, after which ChIP assay was carried out. The chromatin was immunoprecipitated using antibodies for p65 (Active Motif), p50 (Cell Signaling Technology), HDAC1 (Active Motif), β-catenin (Cell Signaling Technology), Runx2 (Cell Signaling Technology), or RNAP-II (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) using the manufacturer’s recommendations.
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Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total protein from the human HCC cell lines was extracted using RIPA buffer (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Equal amounts of protein for each sample were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by transfer of protein to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The membranes were first incubated with antibodies against IGF-II (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Ago1 (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), Ago2 (Millipore), RNAP II (Millipore), α-tubulin (Abcam), Topoisomerase I (Abcam), and GAPDH (Abcam), then followed by incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. GAPDH (Abcam) was served as a loading control. The results were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Bands were quantified with Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, USA). Each experiment was repeated thrice and all reactions were carried out in triplicate.
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4

ChIP-qPCR analysis of HIV-1 transcription

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HEK293 cells transfected with the indicated plasmids. At 48 h post-transfection cells were cross-linked in 1% formaldehyde and ChIP was performed as previously described (22 (link)) utilizing the following antibodies RNAPII (Millipore, clone CTD4H8), RNAPII Phospho Ser2 (AbCam, #ab24758), GFP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-9996), SRSF1, Cyclin T1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-10750) or normal rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Cell Signaling Technologies, #2729). The green fluorescent protein (GFP) antibody was utilized to precipitate the product of the pTat-GFP construct. The data collected were derived from three independent experiments and quantified by qPCR assays carried out with primer pairs specific for the LTR promoter (TAR_Fb: GGAACCCACTGCTTAAGCCT; TAR_Rb: GGATCTCTAGTTACCAGAGT) and the open reading frame (ORF) (RF21.21: TTCTTCAGAGCAGACCAGAGC; RF20.22: GCTGCCAAAGAGTGATCTGA) utilizing a Stratagene Mx3005P and analyzed with MxPro V3.0 software. The data sets were normalized to input values and results expressed as fold enrichment over the IgG control. Data are represented as means ± SEM.
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