Pds 6 0

The surgery procedures were previously described by Grüeneberger et al. [7 (link)]. Isoflurane 2% with oxygen flow at 2 l/min under spontaneous breathing was used to induce and maintain anaesthesia. After an abdominal midline incision, length 4–5 cm was performed and the Bauhin's valve was determined. 50% of the distal ileum was localized and transected. The ileal continuity was restored by an end-to-end extramucosal anastomosis using PDS 6/0 (Ethicon, Blue Ash, OH), excluding the transposed segment. Then, the ligament of Treitz was determined, and the jejunum was divided 5 cm aborally. The transposed segment of ileum was inserted in an isoperistaltic fashion, and two end-to-end anastomoses were performed. For control and sham surgery, transections were performed at all three analogous points. Anastomoses were completed correspondingly, nevertheless without IT (Figure 1). Fascia and skin closures were performed as a continuous suture using Monocryl 4/0 and Vicryl 4/0. After the surgery, all rats were kept on a liquid diet for 24 h (Nutrison, Nutricia, Poland).

Control (SHAM) and duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) surgeries were performed as described in the work of Stygar et al. [18 (link)].
Oxygen flow of 2 L/min and 2% isoflurane (AbbVie, Ludwigshafen, Germany) under spontaneous breathing was used to maintain the anesthesia. Xylazine (5 mg/kg, ip; Xylapan, Vetoquinol Biovet, Puławy, Poland) was used to achieve analgesia. Gentamicin (gentamycin 40 mg/mL, Krka, Warszawa, Poland) was used as the antibiotic prophylaxis.
A 3–4 cm midline incision was made to access the abdomen. The duodenum was separated from the stomach slightly distally to the pyloric sphincter. The proximal part of the small bowel and the duodenum was excluded from the bowel content passage and closed using PDS 6/0 (Ethicon, Cincinnati, OH, USA). The end-to-side anastomosis (duodeno-enterostomy) was positioned at one-third of the small intestine total length to restore the bowel content passage. The mesentery was closed with PDS 6/0.
During SHAM surgery, the gastric tract was cut at the site analogous for duodenum separation during DJOS surgery, and it was immediately reattached to the stomach at the same position, and thus the intestinal food passage was restored.
Carprofen (4 mg/kg, sc; Rimadyl, Pfizer, Zürich, Switzerland) was used to achieve analgesia in the post-operative period for three consecutive days.

1.5 × 10⁶ HT-29 cells suspended in 40 μL Matrigel (Corning BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) were injected subperitoneally in the right and left side of the anterolateral abdominal cavity of nude athymic mice (8 WO male Foxn1nu, Harlan, Horst, the Netherlands). The peritoneal layer covering the gelled nodules was superficially incised to promote intraabdominal expansion (Supplementary Figure S1). The abdomen was closed in two layers with PDS 6/0 (Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson Intl., Brussels, Belgium).