The implants were designed and fabricated as described in more detail in our earlier work [7 (link)]. Briefly, a model of a porous unit cell built of struts was designed in a cylindrical form (S1 Fig ) using computer-aided design (CAD) by means of Magics software (Materialise HQ, Leuven, Belgium). The cylindrical samples with external dimensions of ø 6.2 x 6.0 mm were fabricated using SLM 3-D printer (ReaLizer 50, UK) from Ti6Al7Nb alloy of 20–63 μm particle diameter. Strut diameter was set at 150 μm, while the distance between strut axes was 600 μm. Moreover, we also performed a bigger, cubic scaffold made of Ti6Al4V alloy of 40 to 106 μm particle diameter by means of EBM Arcam A1 (Sweden) device. The cubic model of the specimen used in the study was composed of 48 unit cells that formed a 10 x 10 mm cube. In that case strut diameter was set at 600 μm, while the distance between strut axes was 2500 μm. The results for this type of implant were of supporting nature for the present line of investigation and are placed in Supplementary Information.
Magics software
Manufactured by Materialise
Sourced in Belgium
Magics is a software solution that provides functionality for 3D data preparation, optimization, and analysis. It offers a range of tools to help users manage and manipulate 3D data for various applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Calcium chloride, by AppliChem (1 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate dehydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mimics software, by Materialise (1 mentions)
3 matic software, by Materialise (1 mentions)
10 protocols using magics software
1
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Titanium Implants
2
3D Printed Titanium Alloy Scaffolds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The 3D models designed using Magics software (ver. 19.0, Materialise company, Leuven, Belgium) were displayed in Fig. 1A . Disc form models (Fig. 1A , a–d) (diameter, 14 mm; thickness, 1.5 mm) were designed for in vitro test, while cylinder form models (Fig. 1A , e–h) (diameter 1.5 mm; height, 2 mm) were designed for in vivo experiment. Both 3D discs and cylinder-shaped models without special surface structure were named as Ti64 (Fig. 1A -a, b, e, f). While the models with evenly distributed 300 μm-diameter concave micro-structures were annotated as Ti64-M (Fig. 1A -c, d, g, h). All designed models were saved in STL format and fabricated by selective laser melting system (SLM, EOS M290, Munich, Germany), with printing power of 200 W, laser scanning speed of 950 mm/s and laser spot diameter of 100 μm under inert argon atmosphere. All samples were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, ethyl alcohol and deionized water for 10 min successively and dried in air.![]()
Designed 3D models and fabricated entities of different samples.
3
Fabrication of Porous Titanium Scaffolds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Calcium chloride (CaCl2·6H2O; Applichem), sodium di-hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O; Merck), di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dehydrate (Na2HPO4·2H2O; Merck), dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich), and L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) were purchased from the manufacturers. Center hollow (diameter 2 mm), diamond unit cell, 3D open porous Ti6Al4V (Ti)-scaffolds (diameter 6 mm×height 3 mm; pore size 1000 μm; porosity 93%) were designed using Magics software (Materialise N.V.) and produced by selective laser melting.35 (link) The scaffolds were then cleaned with acetone, 96% ethanol, and demineralized water (each for 15 min) using ultrasonic bath, followed by oxidation in 5 M NaOH at 60°C for 24 h and finally rinsed thoroughly with demineralized water before sterilized by autoclaving. Prior to cell seeding, the sterilized scaffolds were prewetted with culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 2 h, and dried overnight in laminar flow under sterile condition. Using computed tomography and image analysis techniques, the sterilized scaffolds were reported to have an average pore size of around 822 μm and an average porosity of 81%.34 (link)
4
3D Modeling of CFTAH Implant Fitting
5
3D Nickel-Titanium Scaffold Fabrication
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
3D scaffolds were manufactured from nickel–titanium powder with a nominal nickel content of 55.96 wt% and particle sizes ranging between 35 and 75 µm. Smaller particles were used to fabricate 3D scaffolds compared to 2D disks to facilitate the production of small diameter filigree struts. Scaffolds were formed using a rhombic dodecahedron unit cell (height × width × depth: 2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm, Figure 1(b) ). Magics software (V15.0.4.2; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a scaffold with a final cylindrical shape (8 mm diameter × 4 mm height) and an overall porosity of 84%.13 (link) Furthermore, SLM-fabricated scaffolds exhibited a gravimetrically determined porosity of 77.5% ± 0.4% (Mettler Toledo AT261 Delta Range, Mettler-Toledo GmbH, Greifensee, Schweiz) and a porosity of 76% determined by micro-computed tomography,17 which are slightly lower due to minimal geometric deviations during the melting process and due to residual powder particles. Following SLM production, “3D NiTi scaffolds” were post-processed as 2D NiTi disks (i.e., non-surface-treated), excluding the annealing step.
6
Customized Rapid Prototyping Templates for Mandibular Reconstruction
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
We used the following procedures to design RP templates, which we used to perform the operations as planned. The virtual mandible was saved as a stereolithography (STL) file. It was imported into Magics software (Materialise; Leuven, Belgium) and was duplicated using the ‘copy part’ and ‘paste part’ commands. We selected one copy, marked the surface of the bone, and then extruded the surface by 2 mm (parameter: offset 2 mm, connection automatic). We then performed Boolean operations to subtract the unchanged part from the extruded one, thereby creating a 2-mm thick shell that covered the whole mandible. We clipped the shells by removing the unnecessary parts to create custom-designed templates. The osteotomy templates accurately covered the inferior border of the mandible and indicated the osteotomy line (Figure 7 ). Using the same methods, we designed the harvesting templates to cover the planned harvesting region of the iliac crest and designed the shaping templates to exactly cover the surface of the virtually reconstructed mandible (Figures 8 and 9 ).
All designed templates were saved as STL files and sent to a fully automated rapid stereolithography machine (SLA3500, 3D Systems, Texas, United States) to fabricate RP templates. The final acrylic templates were duplicated from RP models.
All designed templates were saved as STL files and sent to a fully automated rapid stereolithography machine (SLA3500, 3D Systems, Texas, United States) to fabricate RP templates. The final acrylic templates were duplicated from RP models.
7
Additive Manufacturing of TNTZ Discs
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
An EOS M290 3D printer equipped with a 400 W Yb: YAG continuous wavelength fiber laser (~70 μm beam size) was used to fabricate the samples under a high-purity Ar atmosphere. The TNTZ powders were manufactured by Plasma Rotating Electrode Process (PREP) (supported by Xian Sailong Company, a spin-off of the Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research). The TNTZ discs were additively manufactured through the processing parameters of laser power (P, 240 W), layer thickness (D, 50 μm), and scanning speed (v, 900 mm/s) [8 (link)]. The stl. file of the lattice sample was generated by the MAGICS software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium), then the lattice sample was also additively manufactured by SLM. All the samples mentioned in this work were annealed (at 600 °C, 3 h) for stress relief, and were listed in Table 1 . To facilitate electropolishing, cell culture and animal experiments, all discs were preliminarily mechanical polished to a similar roughness.
List of the various types of as-printed samples and the number of times their properties were repeatedly tested
| Category | Specifications | Number of discs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polished group | Control group | ||
| Electropolishing | Ø13 mm × 0.8 mm | 36 | 0 |
| Implant | Ø2 mm × 0.8 mm | 6 | 6 |
| Biocompatibility | Ø13 mm × 0.8 mm | 20 | 20 |
| Proteomics | Ø75 mm × 0.8 mm | 3 | 3 |
| Total | 23 | 23 | |
8
3D Surgical Planning and Customized Guides for Nerve Preservation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
DICOM files were processed using MIMICS software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) to obtain 3D virtual models, and the surgeons then engaged in virtual surgical planning (VSP). Cutting guides and Rapid Inferior alveolar nerve Customised Salvage (RICS) templates were designed using 3MATIC software (Materialise). The RICS template featured appropriate threshold of the IAN path in the mandibular canal (Fig. 1 ). The exteriorisation guide was planned based on the projection of the nerve on the outer surface of the mandible. All templates featured at least two stabilisation flanges. The virtual planning files were verified using MAGICS software (Materialise). The STL files of the cutting guides and the RICS template were additively printed using the SLS FORMIGA P110 system (Electro-Optical Systems GmbH, Krailling, Germany) by SINTAC s.r.l., Biomedical Engineering (Trento, Italy).
9
Porous Bioceramic Scaffold Fabrication
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Porous scaffold models (Ø 6 × 8 mm) with different pore geometries (i.e., cubic, cylindrical, and gyroid geometries; see Scheme 1 A) were designed by Magics software (version 21, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) as described previously [19 (link)]. All scaffolds had a designed porosity of ∼55% and a designed average pore size of ∼600 μm which was calculated by Avizo Software (FEI VSG, Hillsboro OR, USA). Detailed information about the method and the process can be found in our previous study [34 (link)]. The scaffold models were exported as binary STL format files, which were imported into 10dim software (Ten Dimensions Technology Co. Ltd., China) for supporting generation and slicing. The green bodies were printed in a 3D printer (AUTOCERA-M, Ten Dimensions Technology Co. Ltd., China) by the slurry containing the MS-CSi powders and printing resins (MS-CSi Powder 60 wt%) according to STL files. The green bodies were sintered in a muffle furnace at a target temperature of 1150 °C for 3 h.Scheme 1 ![]()
(A) Diagram of the DLP technology of fabricating MS-CSi bioceramics. (B) Diagram of scaffolds implanting into rabbit femoral defect and promoting bone repair by releasing functional ions (Created with BioRender.com).
10
Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Porous Structures
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Test samples were manufactured using SLM (3D Systems) from Ti-6Al-4V-ELI powder according to ASTM F3001. This alloy has a theoretical density of 4.42 gcm -3 . The build chamber had an inert Ar atmosphere with an oxygen level below 50ppm. The samples were built using a similar procedure and similar parameters as described in our previous studies (Amin Yavari et al., 2016; Amin Yavari et al., 2014; Amin Yavari et al., 2014; Amin Yavari et al., 2015; Amin Yavari et al., 2013; Ahmadi et al., 2015) . The samples were built on top of a solid titanium build plate from which they were subsequently removed using wire electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Repeating the diamond unit cell in all directions created the porous structures of the cylindrical test specimens with diameter of 15 mm and length of 20 mm. The front view of a test sample and the basic unit cell are displayed in Fig. 1. The nominal (i.e. designed) porosity of the specimens was 80%. STL files were created using the Magics software from Materialise (Leuven, Belgium). 3D Systems' DMP Explorer software was used for slicing and hatching of the stl file.
Repeating the diamond unit cell in all directions created the porous structures of the cylindrical test specimens with diameter of 15 mm and length of 20 mm. The front view of a test sample and the basic unit cell are displayed in Fig. 1. The nominal (i.e. designed) porosity of the specimens was 80%. STL files were created using the Magics software from Materialise (Leuven, Belgium). 3D Systems' DMP Explorer software was used for slicing and hatching of the stl file.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!