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11 protocols using drosha

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Lysates

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Cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with PBS and lysed using buffer composed of 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 1.0% NP-40, 0.1% SDS, supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Protein concentrations were estimated by Bradford assay and equivalent quantities of the lysates were resolved on 4–20% Tris-HCl SDS-PAGE TGX gels (Bio-Rad). Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and stained for acetyl-histone H3 (Milipore), acetyl-histone H4 (Milipore), IGF2BP1 (Cell Signaling Technology), IGF2BP3 (IMP-3, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CD44 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CD48 (Abcam), Drosha (Cell Signaling Technology), or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, Cell Signaling Technology), followed by anti-mouse, or anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (GE Healthcare). Signals were developed using Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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2

Renal Protein Profiling by Western Blot

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For each sample, 50 µg of renal tissue protein extract was used for electrophoresis on 10% polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE). The immunostaining was carried out with primary antibodies (β-actin/1:1,000, Sigma, USA; IKK-α/1:1,000, Cell Signaling, USA; Argonaute 2/1:1,000, Cell Signaling, USA; Drosha/1:1,000, Cell Signaling, USA; Dicer/1:1,000, Imgenex, India), followed by conjugated secondary antibodies (anti-mouse or anti-rabbit peroxidase/1:5,000, Sigma, USA). Then, the membrane was revealed by chemiluminescence methods using the ECL kit (Millipore, USA), and the images were acquired on GEN-BOX equipment (Syngene, UK) (n = 5). The GeneSnap software and GeneTools (Syngene, UK) were used to identify, analyze, and quantify the gel bands.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins

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Cells were lysed in IP lysis buffer as described Srikanth, 2010 #420}. Whole cell lysates were separated on 4–12% Bis-Tris gels (Life Technologies) and proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (Biorad). Blocking was done using superblock (5% low fat milk, 2% Casein and 1% BSA) or 5% low fat milk Membranes were incubated with the primary antibody in 3% BSA (w/v) in TBST (137 mM NaCl, 20 mM tris, 0.1% Tween-20, pH 7.6) overnight at 4 °C. Membranes were incubated with the HRP-conjugated secondary antibody for one hour at room temperature and bound proteins were visualized using ECL Western blotting detection reagents (GE Healthcare). Blots were imaged using Geliance Gel Imaging system (Perkin Elmer).
Primary antibodies used were STIM1 (4916 S Cell Signaling), Ago2 (2897 S Cell Signaling), β-actin (A1978 from Sigma), Dicer (5362 S Cell Signaling), Drosha (3364 S Cell Signaling), Pumilio1 (12322 S Cell Signaling) and Pumilio2 (12323 S Cell Signaling) Secondary antibodies used were from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories goat anti-rabbit IgG (111-035-044) and goat anti-mouse IgG (115-035-146).
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4

Subcellular Fractionation for Protein Translocation

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To assess translocation of Dicer, Drosha, cJUN and cFOS from cytosol to nucleus, 8 × 105 cells were plated in 10 cm diameter dishes, maintained in 10% FBS for 18 h and then scraped, homogenized on ice in a lysis buffer containing (in mM) 10 HEPES, 1 DTT, 10 KCl, 50 NaF, 0.1 EDTA, 0.1 EGTA, 1 Na3VO4, 0.5 PMSF and 0.1 NP-40 at 4°C, and centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 min to separate the nuclei. The supernatant was centrifuged at 13,200 g for 5 min to yield the cytosolic fraction. The nuclear fraction was lysed in buffer containing (in mM) 20 HEPES, 1 EDTA, 1 EGTA and 0.5 PMSF and analysed for cFOS (Merck Millipore), Dicer (Abcam), Drosha and cJUN (Cell Signaling), all 1:1000. Western blot was performed as described [18 (link)]. Images were digitized with the program CHEMI DOC Quantity One, blots were analyzed in triplicate by densitometry using NIH Image 1.60B5 software, and the results in arbitrary densitometric units (A.D.U.) were normalized for β-actin, β-tubulin or lamin (Sigma Aldrich).
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5

Protein Expression Analysis of Key RNA Interference Components

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Lysates from isolated IECs were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes to determine protein levels of drosha, dicer, and ago-2. The membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature in 5% BSA in TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 in TBS) before incubation overnight at 4°C with the antibodies to either dicer (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), drosha, or ago-2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA). Membranes were cut to run target (drosha, dicer, or argonaute) and endogenous control (β-actin). The membranes were washed five times for 5 min in TBS-T following the overnight incubation before the membrane was incubated for 1 h in the secondary antibody conjugated with HRP. The membranes were then washed five times for 5 min in TBS-T and once in TBS for 10 min. The membranes were then probed using Western Lightning Chemiluminescence Reagent Plus (PerkinElmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) and visualized using a ChemiDoc System. Membranes used for probing dicer were stripped and probed for ago-2, therefore, β-actin (endogenous control) is the same for dicer and ago-2 blots.
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6

Protein Expression Analysis in MV4-11 Cells

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Total protein extracts from MV4-11 cell lines were harvested using RIPA lysis buffer with protease inhibitors, and protein concentration was determined using a Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye Reagent kit. SDS-denatured protein was separated via gel electrophoresis and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Protein was detected via overnight antibody staining with the following antibodies: STAT5A (Santa Cruz L-20), Drosha (Cell Signaling D28B1), Ago2 (Cell Signaling C34C6), p53 (Santa Cruz FL-393), and Actin (Sigma A5441).
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7

Protein Lysate Immunoblotting Protocol

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Total protein lysates were obtained as previously described [18 (link)]. The following antibodies were used: VEGF (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germania), Dicer (Abcam, Cambridge), Drosha (Cell Signalling, Danvers, MA, USA) all 1:1000, mPGES-1 (1:200, Cayman chemicals, Ann Arbor, Mi, USA) or HIF-1α (1:300, BD-Transduction Laboratories, Milan, Italy).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of DICER1 and DROSHA

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Western Blot analyses were performed as previously described [31 (link),34 (link)] with endothelial cells lysed using commercial lysis buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) supplemented with a premade protease- and phosphatase-cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cell debris were removed by centrifugation for 5 min at 15,000× g, 4 °C. SDS-PAGE was performed with equal amounts of protein per lane, followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. Then, membranes were incubated with primary antibody solutions of DICER1 (Cell Signaling Technology; clone D38E7; 1:1000), DROSHA (Cell Signaling Technology; clone D28B1; 1:1000) and β-Actin (clone AC-15, Sigma Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Protein detection was achieved with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and the ECL system (Amersham Bioscience, Amersham, UK).
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9

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis

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About 1 3 10 6 to 2 3 10 7 cells were lysed in ice-cold RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 1% NP-40, 0.25% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA (pH 8), protease inhibitor cocktail; Sigma). For immunoprecipitations, 1/20 of each sample was saved as an input control and the remaining lysate was incubated with anti-flag M2 agarose beads (Sigma) over night at 4 C on a turning wheel. Beads were washed 4 times with 1 mL of lysis buffer and were mixed with 2x reducing sample buffer (125 mM Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 4% SDS, 20% glycerol, 100 mM DTT, 0.02% w/v bromophenol blue). Samples were boiled for 6 min and subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting onto PVDF membranes. Proteins were detected using primary antibodies against SAFB1, SAFB2, DGCR8 (all Bethyl), DROSHA, beta-actin, GFP, GAPDH (all Cell Signaling Technologies), HA (Roche, Covance) and flag (Sigma) epitope tags. Immunoreactive proteins were visualized with HRP-labeled secondary antibodies (Pierce) and the ECL system (Advansta) on light-sensitive film. Original Western Blot scans have been deposited in Mendeley data (https://dx.doi.org/10.17632/hy8wjhbhz2.1).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of RNA Regulatory Proteins

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Rabbit polyclonal anti-p27 (Cat # 3686), Drosha (Cat # 3364), Dicer (Cat # 5362), and Ago1 (Cat # 5053) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology and used at a 1:1000 dilution. Mouse polyclonal anti-GAPDH was purchased from Research Diagnostics Inc. RDI. Protein was isolated by lysing cells and concentration was determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Pierce). Proteins were resolved on SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Membranes were blocked in TBS 5%/nonfat dry milk 0.05% Tween-20 and probed with the indicated primary antibodies. After incubation with horseradish peroxidase–conjugated secondary antibodies, signal was visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (Amersham). Densitometry was performed by scanning the developed X-ray film (BioExcell) and quantified using ImageJ.
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