Uv 1650pc spectrophotometer

The 1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker AVANCE III 600 spectrometer with a 3 mm probe operating at 600 MHz (¹H) and 150 MHz (¹³C). HRESIMS data were acquired by a Waters SYNPT G2 Q-TOF mass spectrometer at the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) in Cheongju, Korea. UV spectra were measured by a Shimadzu UV-1650PC spectrophotometer. ECD spectra were obtained on a JASCO J-1500 polarimeter at the Center for Research Facilities, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea. IR spectra were recorded on a JASCO FT/IR-4100 spectrophotometer. HPLC was carried out using a PrimeLine binary pump coupled with a Shodex RI-101 refractive index detector and S3210 variable UV detector. Columns used for HPLC were YMC-Triart C₁₈ (250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm and 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Reversed-phase silica gel (YMC-Gel ODS-A, 12 nm, S-75 μm) was used for open-column chromatography. Mass culture was conducted using a Fermentec 100 L fermenter. All solvents were either HPLC grade or distilled prior to use.

Total carotenoid content was determined based on the method of Khoo et al. [18 (link)] with slight modifications. 0.5 g of dried powered sample was mixed with 15 mL hexane, then vortexed and left for few minutes, and then centrifuged for 1 minute at 3000 rpm. Supernatant was collected and reextracted until it became colorless. Collected supernatant was evaporated until being dried using rotary evaporator at 40°C. Crude extract was redissolved in 5 mL hexane and absorbances were read at 450 nm UV spectrophotometer (UV-1650 PC Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Japan). Results were expressed as milligrams of β-carotene equivalent in 1 g of sample (mg BCE g⁻¹ DW).

The optical properties of the synthesized HCFs, their concentrations and PO-like activities were characterized using a Shimadzu UV1650 PC spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan).

The spectra of the blue, yellow, and white LEDs were measured using an OceanOptics USB2000 spectrometer through a UV-transparent fiber optic cable. The emission peak of the O. formosus fluorescent protein (FP) was measured in seawater from whole tissue tentacle tips removed from the bell of the medusa. The FP was excited using a blue LED with maximum output at 479 nm and a violet LED (405 nm), and measured using USB2000 spectrometer. Absorbance spectra and the excitation spectra of the fluorescent protein and the pink chromoprotein were measured with a Shimadzu UV-1650PC spectrophotometer.

The UV-Vis spectra of the AuNPs and Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs were analyzed using a Shimadzu uv-1650 PC spectrophotometer (Osaka, Japan). By analyzing the UV-Vis spectra of the AuNPs and Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm, the AuNPs and Amoxi-TPP-AuNPs were monitored.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation was measured from the alfalfa sample using 0.1% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) according to the method described previously [53 (link)]. The extracted fluid was spun for 15 min at 10,000 rpm before the cellular remains were separated. The upper aqueous phase was added with KI (1 M) and KP-buffer (10 mM, pH adjusted to 7.0) and kept in the darkness for 60 min. Finally, the optical frequency of the distillate was read at 390 nm using a Shimadzu UV-1650PC spectrophotometer.
The number of cell death percentages (%) was determined, as described previously [54 (link)]. Shortly, 0.2 g of fresh tissue was stained with 2 mL Evan’s blue solution for 15 min. The suspension was subsequently treated with 1 mL of 80% ethanol for 10 min. The mixture containing tubes were placed in a water bath (Vision Scientific, Seoul, Korea), and incubated at 50 °C for 15 min, followed by rotated (12,000 rpm) for 10 min. The absorbance of supernatant read at 600 nm. Finally, total cell death in tissue was calculated on fresh weight and relative percentage (%) basis.

HRESIMS data were obtained on a Waters Synapt G2 Q-TOF mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA). Optical rotations were measured on a Rudolph Research Analytical Autopol III polarimeter (Rudolph Research Analytical, Hackettstown, NJ, USA). 1D and 2D NMR spectra were acquired using a Bruker 600 MHz spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany). IR spectra were measured on a JASCO FT/IR-4100 spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). UV-visible spectra were measured by a Shimadzu UV-1650PC spectrophotometer. HPLC was carried out with a PrimeLine Binary pump (Analytical Scientific Instruments, Inc., El Sobrante, CA, USA) and a RI-101 detector (Shoko Scientific Co. Ltd., Yokohama, Japan). Semi-preparative HPLC was conducted using an ODS column (YMC-Pack-ODS-A, 250 × 10 mm i.d, 5 μM). Analytical HPLC was performed with an ODS column (YMC-Pack-ODS-A, 250 × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μM). All the used reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).