Milli q advantage a10 system

Lipoid S75 (S75), a mixture of soybean phospholipids (70% phosphatidylcholine, 9% phosphatidylethanolamine, and 3% lysophosphatidylcholine), triglycerides, and fatty acids, was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Ethanol, UPLC-gradient grade acetonitrile, methanol, 85% w/w phosphoric acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and all the other reagents, if not otherwise specified, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck (Milan, Italy). Standard quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Ultrapure water (18 MΩ·cm) was obtained with a Milli-Q Advantage A10 System (Millipore, Milan, Italy).

Commercial PSf UF membranes were purchased from Lenntech Water Treatment Inc. (Beijing, China). HMTBA was prepared according to Figure 1, and the characterization data were analyzed as described in the Supporting Information. 2,2′-Azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as the initiator and ethanol was used as the solvent to promote the self-polymerization of HMTBA (Note S1 from the Supplementary Materials). PIP (>99.5%, J&K Scientific, Beijing, China) and TMC (>99.0%, J&K Scientific, Beijing, China) were used as the monomers to form the PA layer via the IP reaction. The model organic pollutants were used as the feed solution to test the anti-organic fouling property. Inorganic salts, including Na₂SO₄, MgCl₂, MgSO₄, and NaCl (2 g/L) were utilized to measure the selectivity of the prepared membranes. All the chemical reagents except for those with special instructions were commercially available from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) without further purification. Deionized (DI) water produced by the Millipore Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Molsheim, France) was used throughout this work.

The standard compounds and reagents (all of analytical grade): MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), gallic acid, Na₂CO₃, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, resazurin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, acetonitrile (LC-MS grade, gradient grade), formic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin and pinostrobin PBS were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The standards of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic, isoferulic acid, pinobanksin, chrysin, sakuranetin, naringenin, apigenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, acacetin and pinocembrin were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and galangin from Alfa Aesar, (Haverhill, MA, USA). The antibiotics: ampicillin, oxacillin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, amikacin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, mupirocin, rifampicin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, linezolid, bacitracin were purchased from Argenda (Poland). Methanol, ethanol, vanillin, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid were purchased from (POCH, Gliwice, Poland). Ultrapure H₂O (18.0 MΩ) was obtained with a Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The absorbance of the reaction mixture in Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH assays were measured using a Genesys 20 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

mTHPC and its liposomal formulation (Foslip^®) were kindly provided by biolitec research GmbH (Jena, Germany). The stock solution of mTHPC (2 mM) was prepared in methanol and kept at 4 °C in the dark. Foslip^®, based on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) liposomes with a mTHPC/lipid ratio of 1:12 (mol/mol), was prepared by solubilizing powder in ultrapure water (UPW, Milli-Q^® Advantage A10^® System, Millipore, Eschborn, Germany) to a final mTHPC concentration of 2 mM.
Random methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD; product code CY-2004.1,29; substitution degree of 12, average molecular weight 1135 Da) and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD; product code CY-2003,34; molecular weight 1429.6 Da) were purchased from CYCLOLAB R&D. Ltd., (Budapest, Hungary). DPPC and DPPG were purchased from Sigma (USA).

HCB was purchased as neat substance (purity > 99.5%) from Dr. Ehrenstorfer AG (Augsburg, Germany) and prepared as stock solution in methanol (purity > 99.9%, p.a. quality, Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany), which was further diluted with methanol yielding working solutions in concentrations between 0.01 and 5 mg L⁻¹. Physicochemical properties of HCB are provided in Table S1 in the Supplementary Material (SM).
Alkali and alkaline earth metal salts for homoionic exchange of cations were purchased from Carl Roth in p.a. quality: lithium chloride (LiCl, > 99.0%), sodium chloride (NaCl, > 99.5%), potassium chloride (KCl, > 99.5%), rubidium chloride (RbCl, > 99.0%), and cesium chloride (CsCl, > 99.999%), as well as magnesium chloride (MgCl₂, > 99.0%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂, > 99.0%), strontium chloride (SrCl₂, > 99.0%), and barium chloride (BaCl₂, > 99.0%). The abbreviation MCl (metal chloride) is used in the following in cases that refer to both alkali and alkaline earth metal chlorides. All water used was of ultrapure quality (Milli-Q Advantage A10 System, Millipore) except for sample treatment for cation exchange that was performed with deionized water (reverse osmosis, RO) from the research facility’s pipeline network.

Gentamicin (purity, 99.99%) was obtained from the Zhichu Pharmaceutical Factory (ZPF; Shandong province, China). A standard stock solution of 10 g L⁻¹ gentamicin was prepared with sterile ultrapure water and stored at 4 °C. Lower concentrations of standard solutions were made by diluting the stock solution with sterile ultra-purified water. Methanol and chromatographic grade trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, USA). Ultrapure water was prepared with a Milli-Q Advantage A10 system from Millipore (Massachusetts, USA). All other chemicals that were used were of analytical grade.