Apreo 2 s lovac

The X-ray powder
diffraction measurements were acquired via the aid of diffractometer
(D8 advance, Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany), with a goniometer radius
217.5 mm, secondary graphite monochromator, 2° Soller slits,
and 0.2 mm receiving slit. Achieving XRD patterns with the range of
5° to 70° 2θ occurred via CuKα radiation (λ
= 1.5418 Å) with measurement conditions: tube voltage of 40 kV,
tube current of 40 mA, step-scan mode with a step size of 0.02°
2θ, and counting time of 1s per step, at room temperature. Samples
of as-synthesized BiOCl_0.2Br_0.8, BiOBr, as well
as a mechanical mixture of both were located on sample stage that
is regulated along the vertical axis.
High-resolution scanning
electron microscopy (HRSEM) Apreo 2 S LoVac (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
supplied with UltraDry EDS detector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) assisted
the chemical and morphological analyses.
Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) imaging and high-resolution
scanning TEM (STEM) imaging were carried out by a Themis Z aberration-corrected
scanning transmission electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
operated at 300 kV and equipped with a Ceta camera, HAADF detector
for STEM.
The surface area and pore radius were determined by
the N₂ Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method
(NOVA-1200e) and
the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method, respectively.

To visualize the morphology of planktonic growing cells incubated with AA for 2 h, and biofilms formed in the presence of AA for 24 h, the samples were fixed with 4% glutaraldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) in DDW for 2 h, then gently washed with DDW, and dried before being coated with iridium and visualized by an analytical high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) (Apreo 2 S LoVac, ThermoScientific) at various magnifications. The length of the bacteria was measured by Image J software. For dividing bacteria with a clear septum, the length was measured until the septum.