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6 protocols using dipotassium phosphate k2hpo4

1

Antioxidant Capacity Measurement Protocols

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Reagents
were purchased
from the following sources: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and
gallic acid from Eastman Organic Chemical (Rochester, NY); Folin–Ciocalteu
phenol reagent, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), monopotassium
phosphate (KH2PO4), and dipotassium phosphate
(K2HPO4) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); AAPH
(2,2-azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride, 97%), Trolox
(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, 97%), luminol
(5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, 97%), sodium chloride (NaCl),
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), fluorescein, 98%, methanol (HPLC grade),
and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone, ave mol wt 136 000) from
Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO); boric acid (H3BO3), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4·H2O), and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4)
from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Holland); ethanol (Etax A, vol % 96.1)
from Altia Industrial (Rajamäki, Finland).
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2

Electrochemical Detection of Glutamate Using Chitosan

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GluOx (Glutamate oxidase) (EC 1.4.3.11, from Streptomyces sp) and Glutamate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Potassium phosphate, KH2PO4, and diPotassium phosphate K2HPO4 were obtained from Merck Ltd. They used to prepare phosphate buffer solution as a supporting electrolyte in all electrochemical experiments. Chitosan (high molecular weight, MW∼1000 kDa; ∼80% deacetylation) was obtained from the Aldrich Company. All aqueous solutions were prepared in double-distilled water with a resistance of 18.0 MΩ cm−1. Double-distilled deionized water was prepared using an ion-exchange system (Millipore, France). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry experiments were carried out using Galvanostat/Potentiostat apparatus (Autolab 302 N, Holland) by a conventional three-electrode system at controlled temperature conditions.
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3

Polyurethane Bead Biodegradation Protocol

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Polyurethane (polyester) beads and tetrahydrofuran (Figure 1a) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. The composition of the mineral salt medium (MSM) was as follows: (g/L: dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) 0.5, mono-potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) 0.04, sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.1, calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl2H4O2) 0.002, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) 0.2, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) 0.02, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄·H₂O) 0.001, pH adjusted to 7.0 by adding NaOH/H2SO4), nutrient agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar from Sigma-Aldrich and glucose (Figure 1). The remaining reagents were commercially accessible products of the highest quality [6 (link),28 (link)].
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4

Probing HSA-Ibuprofen Interactions

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Human serum albumin (HSA), fraction V were obtained from MP Biomedicals LLC (Illkirch, France). Ibuprofen (IBU), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), and dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and methanol were purchased from POCH S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). All reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of C-1305 Compound

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C-1305 [16 (link)] was synthesized as dihydrochloride in our laboratory. The compound was of more than 98% pure as determined by liquid chromatography (LC) and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), and formic acid (HCOOH), magnesium chloride anhydrous (MgCl2), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Methanol (CH3OH; gradient grade for LC) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate tetrasodium salt (NADPH) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium formate (HCOONH4; reagent grade) was ordered from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). All other commercially available chemicals and reagents were of the highest possible grade available. Ultrapure water of 18 MΩ・cm of resistivity, used in all the experiments, was passed through a Milli-Q water purification system from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
Pooled RLMs from untreated, male Sprague-Dawley rats (protein concentration, 20 mg/mL; P450 content, 680 pmol/mg protein) were purchased from Tebu-bio (Le Perray-En-Yvelines, France).
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6

Collagen-based Agro-Hydrogels from Bovine Hides

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Multipolymeric collagen based agro-hydrogels have been prepared using the limed hide waste (no haired) from fleshing and trimming bovine hides (lime fleshing) as the raw material, provided by SC PIELOREX tannery, Jilava, Ilfov county, Romania, (Figure 1).
Table 1 below lists the main components of the raw hide waste used, including the percentage content of proteins, water, fat and mineral substances. The highest content in proteins justifies the interest for recovery and recycling this hide waste.
A detailed physical–chemical analysis of raw hide waste is presented in Table 2.
The reagents used for this study, such us: H2SO4, dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), N,N’-methylene bis-acrylamide, starch, poly-acrylamide, dolomite, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-glycidyl methacrylate), H3BO3, the homopolymers poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany) and used as received. In the pilot-scale experiments industrial salt and water were used.
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