Aeroxide tio2 p25

Manufactured by Evonik

Sourced in Germany

AEROXIDE® TiO2 P25 is a titanium dioxide product manufactured by Evonik. It is a high-performance, multi-purpose material widely used in various industries. The product offers consistent quality and reliable performance.

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Lab products found in correlation

36 protocols using aeroxide tio2 p25

Photocatalytic Degradation of Primidone

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Primidone (analytical grade) was obtained from Fluka, commercial WO₃ was from Sigma-Aldrich (S_BET 8.3 m² g⁻¹, band gap 2.61 eV [58 (link)]) and TiO₂ P25 Aeroxide^® from Evonik Industries (Essen, Germany) (S_BET 50 m² g⁻¹, anatase to rutile ratio 5.3 ± 0.28, band gap 3.2 and 3.0 eV for anatase and rutile, respectively [47 (link)]). Other reagents were at least of analytical grade and used as received. Ultrapure water was produced by a Millipore Mili-Q^® academic system (Darmstadt, Germany). The secondary effluent (SE) was collected (October, 2017) from Rincón de Caya UWWTP located in Badajoz (Spain), filtered (Whatman Grade 1), and kept frozen until use.

Figueredo M.A., Rodríguez E.M., Checa M, & Beltran F.J. (2019). Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Primidone Removal in Water using Simulated Solar Radiation and TiO2 or WO3 as Photocatalyst. Molecules, 24(9), 1728.

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Synthesis of Functionalized TiO2 Nanocomposites

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TiO₂ P25 Aeroxide (Evonik, Essen, Germany) was suspended in a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO, ≥98% Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA, Honeywell, ≥99.8% Charlotte, NC, USA) (10/90 v/v) at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Reduced graphene oxide (highly porous rGO, Graphene Supermarket, New York, NY, USA) and fullerene C₆₀ (99.4%, Italy Nanocage S.R.L.) were individually dispersed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in distilled deionized water. The suspensions were sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (CEIA, mod. CP102) for 1 h.

Del Sole R., Lo Porto C., Lotito S., Ingrosso C., Comparelli R., Curri M.L., Barucca G., Fracassi F., Palumbo F, & Milella A. (2023). Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings Containing TiO2 and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Molecules, 28(13), 5131.

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Characterization of Nano-TiO2 Powder

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Nano-TiO₂ powder was obtained from Evonik (P25 Aeroxide TiO₂, Parsippany, NJ) and is composed of a mixture of anatase (80%) and rutile (20%) TiO₂. Particle characteristics have previously been determined, including primary particle size (21 nm), specific surface area (48.08 m²/g), and Zeta potential (-56.6 mV) (Yi et al., 2013 (link); Stapleton et al., 2018 (link)).

Griffith J.A., Dunn A., DeVallance E., Schafner K.J., Engles K.J., Batchelor T.P., Goldsmith W.T., Wix K., Hussain S., Bowdridge E.C, & Nurkiewicz T.R. (2023). Maternal nano-titanium dioxide inhalation alters fetoplacental outcomes in a sexually dimorphic manner. Frontiers in Toxicology, 5, 1096173.

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Characterization of Nano-TiO2 Powder

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Nano-TiO₂ powder was obtained from Evonik (P25 Aeroxide TiO₂, Parsippany, NJ) and is composed of a mixture of anatase (80 %) and rutile (20 %) TiO₂. Particle characteristics have previously been determined, including primary particle size (21 nm), specific surface area (48.08 m²/g), and Zeta potential (−56.6 mV) [32 (link)].

Griffith J.A., King R.D., Dunn A.C., Lewis S.E., Maxwell B.A., Nurkiewicz T.R., Goldsmith W.T., Kelley E.E, & Bowdridge E.C. (2024). Maternal nano-titanium dioxide inhalation exposure alters placental cyclooxygenase and oxidant balance in a sexually dimorphic manner. Advances in redox research, 10, 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100090.

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Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Experiments were performed with P25 Aeroxide TiO₂ (Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany), a nanoparticulate TiO₂ consisting of fused rutile and anatase crystalline phases at roughly a 20/80% ratio, respectively. TiO₂ NPs were suspended in a Minimal Davis media (MD) designed to stabilize the particles, buffer the pH at 7.5, and maintain bacterial viability, as described by Lyon et al. [51 (link)]. Briefly, MD media consists of 0.45 g L⁻¹ K₂HPO₄, 0.25 g L⁻¹ sodium citrate, 0.5 g L⁻¹ (NH₄)₂SO₄, and 0.05 g L⁻¹ MgSO₄·7H₂O. The lowered phosphate concentration reduces quenching of ROS by the media. Suspensions were produced via probe sonication (Q700, QSonica, Newton, CT, USA) run in pulse mode (12 s on, 3 s off) for 6 min total following the protocol by Taurozzi et al. [52 ] and subsequently characterized in terms of aggregate size, surface charge, and ROS production. Dynamic light scattering (ALV-CGS3, ALV-GMBH, Langen, Germany) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Tecnai G² Twin, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) were performed to determine aggregate size, while electrophoretic mobility measurements (EPM) were taken with the Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern, Bedford, MA, USA).

Budarz J.F., Cooper E.M., Gardner C., Hodzic E., Ferguson P.L., Gunsch C.K, & Wiesner M.R. (2017). Chlorpyrifos degradation via photoreactive TiO2 nanoparticles: Assessing the impact of a multi-component degradation scenario. Journal of hazardous materials, 372, 61-68.

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Oxylipin Analytical Workflow Using LC-MS

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Oxylipin standards were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). All lipid substrates were dissolved in methanol and combined to form stock solution mixes (1 μg mL⁻¹) and stored under nitrogen at −20 °C until use. Water was either 18 mQ, or Omnisolv LC-MS grade (MilliporeSigma, Oakville, ON, Canada). HPLC and HiPerSolve LC-MS grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA). Nano-TiO₂ powder was obtained from Evonik (P25 Aeroxide TiO₂, Parsippany, NJ) and was composed of a mixture of anatase (80%) and rutile (20%) TiO₂. Particle characteristics have previously been determined, including primary particle size (21 nm), specific surface area (48.08 m² g⁻¹), and zeta potential (−56.6 mV).^23,24

Harris T.R., Griffith J.A., Clarke C.E., Garner K.L., Bowdridge E.C., DeVallance E., Engles K.J., Batchelor T.P., Goldsmith W.T., Wix K., Nurkiewicz T.R, & Rand A.A. (2023). Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure. Environmental Science. Advances, 2(5), 740-748.

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Lanthanum-Doped Titanium Dioxide Synthesis

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Titanium(iv) oxysulfate (titanyl sulfate, TiOSO₄, Sigma-Aldrich spol. s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic) was used as a TiO₂ precursor. Lanthanum(iii) nitrate hexahydrate, La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O Assay Spec. ≥99%, served as the La dopant source. During material synthesis, an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH₃, solution purum p.a., 25–29%, Fisher Scientific, spol. s.r.o., Pardubice Czech Republic) was used for precipitation of the precursor and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, solution purum p.a., 30%, Fisher Scientific, spol. s.r.o., Pardubice Czech Republic) for pH reduction. 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP, purity ≥ 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, Prague, Czech Republic) and AEROXIDE TiO₂-P25 (Evonik, Prague, Czech Republic) were used for the photocatalytic experiments.

Bakardjieva S., Mares J., Fajgar R., Zenou V.Y., Maleckova M., Chatzisymeon E., Bibova H, & Jirkovsky J. (2019). The relationship between microstructure and photocatalytic behavior in lanthanum-modified 2D TiO2 nanosheets upon annealing of a freeze-cast precursor. RSC Advances, 9(40), 22988-23003.

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Photocatalytic Gypsum Plaster Formulation

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The photocatalytic gypsum plaster was prepared by blending commercial gypsum plaster (Dolina Nidy), an addition of photocatalyst, and distilled water in a quantity sufficient to obtain a paste form. The proportions of the individual ingredients were 1.5 g of gypsum, 0.15 g of photocatalyst, and 0.9 cm³ of distilled water. Two types of photocatalysts were used: the commercial TiO₂ (Evonik Aeroxide^® TiO₂ P25) and PANI-TiO₂ in 10 wt % to the dry mass of the plaster. The blended gypsum was placed in a mold (30 mm diameter; 5 mm height) and dried at room temperature.

Sulowska A., Wysocka I., Pelczarski D., Karczewski J, & Zielińska-Jurek A. (2020). Hybrid TiO2–Polyaniline Photocatalysts and their Application in Building Gypsum Plasters. Materials, 13(7), 1516.

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TiO2 Nanoparticle Characterization and Cytotoxicity

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TiO₂ NP (NM-105), an anatase/rutile nanopowder of nominal size 21 nm (15–60 nm), was received from the EU Joint Research Centre (Ispra, Italy). It was manufactured by Evonik (Essen, Germany), and marketed as Aeroxide TiO₂ P-25. TiO₂ NPs were fully characterised in previous EU projects [13 (link),22 (link)], and results are summarised in Table 1.
For the treatment of cells we used TiO₂ NP dispersed by two different procedures, either with or without serum in stock solution. This can permit investigations on how the state of aggregation/agglomeration and stability of the dispersion could influence TiO₂ NP cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

Kazimirova A., El Yamani N., Rubio L., García-Rodríguez A., Barancokova M., Marcos R, & Dusinska M. (2020). Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Hprt Gene Mutations in V79 Hamster Cells. Nanomaterials, 10(3), 465.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Photocatalytic Complexes

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Details of instrumentation are given in the ESI.†The complex [Cu(MeCN)₄][PF₆] was prepared by the method of Kubas.⁴² 4-(4-Bromophenyl)-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine,^{18 (link)}1,^{44 (link)}3,^{30 (link)}4,⁴³5,^{44 (link)}6,^{45 (link)}8,⁴⁶ [Fe(8)₂][PF₆]₂,^{47 (link)} and [Cu(5)₂][PF₆]^{44 (link)} were prepared according to literature and their spectroscopic data matched those previously reported.
TiO₂ nanoparticles (AEROXIDE TiO₂ P25) were purchased from Evonik Industries. The spherical NPs have an average radius of 10.5 nm,⁴⁸ leading to a surface area-to-volume ratio of 28%. In the Experimental section, the number of equivalents of NPs are defined as 0.28× the total number of TiO₂ formula equivalents in the mass given, i.e. the effective surface concentration of TiO₂.

Freimann S.A., Zare D., Housecroft C.E, & Constable E.C. (2019). The SALSAC approach: comparing the reactivity of solvent-dispersed nanoparticles with nanoparticulate surfaces. Nanoscale Advances, 2(2), 679-690.

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