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7 protocols using protein a agarose

1

Antibody and Reagent Identification for Cellular Assays

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Mouse anti-rodent proinsulin (CCI-17) antibody was from Novus Biologicals (catalog no.: NB100-73013). Mouse anti-beta actin antibody was from Proteintech (catalog no.: 66009-1-Ig). Mouse anti-tubulin antibody was from Sigma (catalog no.: T5168). Rabbit anti-phosphorylation eIF2α antibody was from Cell Signaling Technology (catalog no.: 9721S). Rabbit anti-GM130 antibody was from Abcam (catalog no.: ab52649). DTT, MG-132, CHX, and N-ethylmaleimide were from Sigma. GCN2 inhibitor was from MedChemExpress (catalog no.: HY-112654). CB-5083 was from APExBIO (catalog no.: B6032). Met/Cys-deficient Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and all other tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen. 35S-amino acid mixture was from PerkinElmer. Protein A-Agarose was from Repligen.
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2

Immunoblotting Antibodies and Reagents

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Antibodies used for immunoblotting are as follows: Rat α-FLAG L5 (#637303; BioLegend), Rabbit α-HA, Rabbit α-GFP, Rabbit α-Sec62, Rabbit α-Sec63, Rabbit α-Sec61β, Rabbit α-BAG6, and Rabbit α-Sec61α (Chitwood et al., 2018 (link); Mariappan et al., 2010 (link); Snapp et al., 2004 (link)) are a gift from Dr. Ramanujan Hegde (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK). Rabbit α-BiP (#11587-1-AP; Proteintech), Mouse α-HA (#901513; Biolegend), Mouse α-PDI (#MA3-018; Affinity Bioreagents), Goat α-Rat-HRP (#7077; Cell Signaling), Goat α-Mouse-HRP (#115-035-003; Jackson ImmunoResearch), Goat α-Rabbit-HRP (#111-035-003; Jackson ImmunoResearch), Goat anti-rat HRP (#7077S; Cell signaling), Goat α-RAT IgG-Cy2 (#112-225-167; Jackson ImmunoResearch), Goat α-Mouse IgG-Alexa657 (#A-21235; Invitrogen). Beads were purchased as follows: Strep-Tactin XT beads (#2-4010-010; IBA), Rat anti-FLAG L5 affinity gel (#651503; Biolegend), Protein A agarose (#CA-PRI-0100; Repligen), Mouse anti-HA magnetic beads (#88837; Pierce), Poly L-lysine (#OKK-3056; Peptides International). Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate was purchased from Green Hectares (Ph:1-800-GHLYSAT). Detergents were purchased as follows: digitonin (EMD Millipore), Triton X-100 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), sodium deoxycholate (Sigma-Aldrich), SDS (Sigma-Aldrich), and Tween 20 (American Bioanalytical).
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3

Crosslinking of Membrane-Bound RNCs

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Transcripts encoding versions of XBP1u lacking a termination codon were translated in the presence of RM for 25 min at 32°C. The membrane targeted RNCs were isolated by centrifugation through a 0.5 M sucrose cushion for 12 min at 70,000 rpm/TLA100.3, and the resulting pellet was resuspended in PSB. Crosslinking was performed with 400 μM BMH (a homo-bifunctional cysteine-reactive crosslinker) for 6 min at 25°C and quenched with 25 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The resulting products were denatured with 1% SDS, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 for 30 min at 55°C and diluted 10-fold IP buffer. The respective antibodies were added and incubated for 1.5 hr at 4°C, followed by incubation with protein-A agarose (Repligen) for 1.5 hr at 4°C. The beads were washed at least three times with IP buffer, eluted with SDS sample buffer and analysed after heating to 95°C, but 55°C/30 min for the Sec61α sample. Samples were treated with RNase A (100 μg/ml) for 10 min at 37°C before analyzing by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography.
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4

Insulin Signaling Pathway Evaluation

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Lipofectamine 2000 for transfection, Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, 4–12% NuPage gels, LDS sample loading buffer, Met/Cys-deficient Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, and all other tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The siRNAs were from ThermoFisher (Waltham, MA, USA). The rodent (mouse/rat) insulin chemiluminescence ELISA kit was from ALPCO company (Salem, NH, USA). Protein A-Agarose was from Repligen (Waltham, MA, USA). 35S-amino acid mixture was from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA). Rabbit anti-SSR1 antibody and mouse anti-rat proinsulin antibody CCI-17 were from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Guinea pig anti-insulin was from Merck-Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Rabbit anti-SSR2 was from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). Rabbit polyclonal anti-SSR3 and anti-SSR4 were from Abmart (Shanghai, China). Mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin was from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibodies were from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories (West Grove, PA, USA). Clarity Western ECL Substrate was from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA).
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5

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis

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U373-gH/gL cells lysed with NP-40 lysis buffer [0.5% NP-40, 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, Leupeptin (2 μM), Aprotinin (2 μg/ml), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 20 μM)] were clarified using centrifugation (13,000 × g for 5 min). The cell lysates (~2 × 106 cells/ mL of NP-40 lysis buffer) were incubated with an antibody (5 μg) followed by Protein A-agarose (IPA3005, Repligen, Walthma, MA) for 1 h rocking at 4 °C. The agarose beads were washed (3×) with NET buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 0.5% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA) before being resuspended with SDS-sample buffer [50 μL, 1.5% SDS, 1 M Tris pH 6.8, 50% glycerol, 600 mM DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT), bromophenol blue] and heated at 95 °C for 2 min. The proteins from the supernatant of the pelleted Protein A-agarose beads were resolved on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane, then incubated with 10% dry milk followed by incubation with anti-gL and anti-gH antibodies (1 h at 25 °C), anti-rabbit Ig conjugated to HRP, and chemiluminescent HRP substrate (Millipore, WBKLS 0500) for visualization on a autoradiography film.
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6

Membrane-Targeted Ribosome Crosslinking

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Transcripts encoding versions of AGAL or Prl-AGAL lacking a termination codon were translated in the presence of CRM for 30 min at 32°C. The membrane-targeted RNCs were isolated by centrifugation through a 0.5 M sucrose cushion for 12 min at 70,000 rpm/TLA100.3, and the resulting pellet was resuspended in membrane buffer (MB: 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 100 mM KAc, 5 mM MgAc, and 250 mM sucrose). For Fig. 4 H, crosslinking was performed with 400 μM bismaleimidohexane (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 15 min at 25°C and quenched with 25 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. For Fig. 5, A and B, crosslinking was carried out with 200 μM disuccinimidyl suberate (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 min at room temperature and quenched 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, for 15 min. The cross-linked products were denatured with 1% SDS, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, for 30 min at 55°C, and diluted 10-fold in Triton buffer. The respective antibodies were added and incubated for 1.5 h at 4°C with end-to-end rotation, followed by incubation with protein-A agarose (Repligen) for 1.5 h at 4°C. The beads were washed three times with Triton buffer, eluted with SDS sample buffer, and analyzed after boiling for 5 min, but 55°C/30 min for the Sec61α sample. Samples were treated with RNase A (100 μg/ml) for 15 min at 37°C before analyzing by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography.
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7

Metabolic Labeling and Immunoprecipitation

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HEK293T cells were starved for 30 min in methionine/cysteine-free medium supplemented with 10% dialyzed fetal calf serum and then labeled for 15 min with 200 μCi/ml of [35S]-methionine/cysteine (PerkinElmer). Cells were lysed in 100 μl of SDS-lysis buffer, diluted with 400 μl of TNN and digested with DNaseI (Promega) for 1 h at 37 °C. SV5-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-SV5 mAb and Protein A agarose (Repligen) and eluted by boiling in SDS-lysis buffer, and samples were resolved on a reducing SDS-PAGE. Gels were fixed in 10% acetic acid and 10% methanol, incubated for 20 min in Amplify fluorographic enhancer (GE Healthcare), dried and exposed for autoradiography on Kodak BioMax XAR films.
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