Ibf (pure) was procured from PubChem. The sunflower–canola oil blend was purchased from LOTUS supermarket. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Span 80, tetramethylammonium acetate [TMAm][Ac] (≥99%), tetramethylammonium chloride [TMAm][Cl] (≥99%), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIm][Ac] (≥99%), 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride [BMPyrro][Cl] (≥99%), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide [BMPyrro][Br] (≥99%), choline chloride [Ch][Cl] (≥99%), and tributylmethylammonium chloride [TBMAm][Cl] (≥99%) were supplied by Merck, Darmstadt, (Germany). All chemicals used were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. A list of the chemicals used and their properties is present in Table S2 .
1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate is a type of ionic liquid. Ionic liquids are a class of molten salts that are liquid at or near room temperature. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate has a wide liquid range and can be used as a solvent or reaction medium in various chemical processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Choline chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetramethylammonium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Xylose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Avantor (1 mentions)
1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Emimac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Genipin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
8 protocols using 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate
1
Ionic Liquid-Assisted Lipid Extraction
2
Photocurable Ionic Liquid-Based Hydrogels
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Poly(ethyleneglycol)diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn. 575), (Bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide (BAPO) and Reactive Orange 16 were purchased from Merck (Milan, Italy) and used as received. Regarding the ionic liquids employed, 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium bis (trifluorometilsulfonyl)imide, 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium acetate were purchased from Merck (Milan, Italy); N,N,N,N-ButyldimethylMethacryloyloxyethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1,4-Butandiyl-3,3′-bis-1-vinylimidazoliumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide were purchased from Solvionic (Toulouse, France). The ionic liquids used are summarized in Table 1 .
3
Pretreatment of MSW and Agave Bagasse
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For the MSW, paper waste materials were prepared as in [9 (link)], consisting of 15% glossy paper, 25% non-glossy paper, 32% non-glossy cardboard, and 28% glossy cardboard using a process developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL). It is recognized that this material is not representative of real MSW streams and that there may be contaminants present that will impact pretreatment effectiveness. However, the goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the IL systems in this study on the types of paper that would be found in MSW. Destiladora Rubio, a tequila plant from Jalisco, Mexico, donated the AGB. The AGB was milled with a Thomas-Wiley Mini Mill fitted with a 40-mesh screen (Model 3383-L10 Arthur H. Thomas Co., Philadelphia, PA, USA). Both ground biomass samples were stored at 4 °C in a sealed plastic bag prior to their use. The 1:1 blend was prepared by mixing both MSW and AGB in the pretreatment reactor just before the heating process begins. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2C1Im][OAc] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4C1Im][OAc], citric acid, ethanol, glucose, xylose, sulfuric acid, and HPLC grade water were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
4
Ionic Liquid-Assisted Wood Fractionation
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1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and methyl sulfate (BASF quality, >95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Before carrying out the experiments, ILs were dried over molecular sieve 4A (Neva Reaktiv, St. Peterburg, Russia), and the absence of residual moisture was controlled by infrared spectroscopy. For preparation of binary solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, “chem. pure” grade (Komponent-Reaktiv, Moscow, Russia), were used. Wood fractionation was carried out with the use of “chem. pure” grade acetone and hydrochloric acid (Komponent-Reaktiv, Moscow, Russia), deionized water obtained with Milli-Q system (Merk Millipore, Molsheim, France), and nitrogen (99.999%).
5
Ionic Liquids Quantification by HPLC-MS
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The ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, methyl sulfate, and chloride (BASF quality, >95%), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Deionized Milli-Q water and HPLC gradient-grade acetonitrile (Cryochrom, S.-Petersburg, Russia) were used for sample preparation and as components of the mobile phase in HPLC-MS experiments.
6
Cellulose Solutions Preparation and Characterization
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For the preparation of
cellulose solutions, three types of commercially available materials
have been used: microcrystalline cellulose (MC) from Merck Millipore
with a degree of polymerization (DP) ≈ 210–230 (according
to supplier specification); Avicel PH 101 (Avicel) from Sigma-Aldrich
with DP ≈ 18043 (link) and α–Cellulose
from Sigma-Aldrich with DP ≈ 780.44 (link) The room temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
([Emim][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][OAc]),
both in BASF quality (≥95%), have been purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The ionic liquids and the cellulose materials are both hygroscopic.
[Emim][OAc] and [Bmim][OAc] water content was ≤1.1% according
to supplier specification. Because in our previous works we had demonstrated
that traces of water do not hinder cellulose solubilization and do
not have a negative impact to the phase separation process,45 (link) all materials were used as received. Further
on, we considered that this may also facilitate the up-scaling if
desired. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; analytical reagent, assay ≥99.5%)
from VWR International was used as co-solvent for cellulose dissolution.
The precipitation of the porous films was performed in water purified
with a Merck–Millipore purification system and having a resistivity
of ∼18.2 MΩ.cm and a TOC value below 5 ppm.
cellulose solutions, three types of commercially available materials
have been used: microcrystalline cellulose (MC) from Merck Millipore
with a degree of polymerization (DP) ≈ 210–230 (according
to supplier specification); Avicel PH 101 (Avicel) from Sigma-Aldrich
with DP ≈ 18043 (link) and α–Cellulose
from Sigma-Aldrich with DP ≈ 780.44 (link) The room temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
([Emim][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][OAc]),
both in BASF quality (≥95%), have been purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The ionic liquids and the cellulose materials are both hygroscopic.
[Emim][OAc] and [Bmim][OAc] water content was ≤1.1% according
to supplier specification. Because in our previous works we had demonstrated
that traces of water do not hinder cellulose solubilization and do
not have a negative impact to the phase separation process,45 (link) all materials were used as received. Further
on, we considered that this may also facilitate the up-scaling if
desired. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; analytical reagent, assay ≥99.5%)
from VWR International was used as co-solvent for cellulose dissolution.
The precipitation of the porous films was performed in water purified
with a Merck–Millipore purification system and having a resistivity
of ∼18.2 MΩ.cm and a TOC value below 5 ppm.
7
Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Dissolution in Ionic Liquids
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The Eucalyptus Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp (BHKP) provided by one Chilean Kraft Pulp Mill was used in all the experiments. The chemical composition of the BHKP is listed in Table 1 .
Chemical reagents: dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO (CAS No.67-68-5, purity ≥ 99.7), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [bmim][Cl] (CAS No.79917-90-1, purity > 98%), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate or [bmim][Ac] (CAS No.284049-75-8, purity > 95%), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or [bmim][HSO4] (CAS No. 262297-13-2, purity > 95%), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [emim][Cl] (CAS No.65039-09-0, purity = 98%) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate or [emim][Ac] (CAS No. 143314-17-4, purity = 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and stored in inert atmosphere until its use. The ILs’ water content before drying was measured for all ILs by Karl Fischer titration, as in our previous work [33 (link)]. The water content of all ILs previous drying was less than 2800 ppm or 0.28% w/w. Therefore, a vacuum drying step was added in order to ensure a water content lower than this percentage. Despite this, it was challenging to precisely measure the water content of the IL in the pulp dissolving process due to environment condensed water and that within the pulp.
Chemical reagents: dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO (CAS No.67-68-5, purity ≥ 99.7), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [bmim][Cl] (CAS No.79917-90-1, purity > 98%), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate or [bmim][Ac] (CAS No.284049-75-8, purity > 95%), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate or [bmim][HSO4] (CAS No. 262297-13-2, purity > 95%), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [emim][Cl] (CAS No.65039-09-0, purity = 98%) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate or [emim][Ac] (CAS No. 143314-17-4, purity = 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and stored in inert atmosphere until its use. The ILs’ water content before drying was measured for all ILs by Karl Fischer titration, as in our previous work [33 (link)]. The water content of all ILs previous drying was less than 2800 ppm or 0.28% w/w. Therefore, a vacuum drying step was added in order to ensure a water content lower than this percentage. Despite this, it was challenging to precisely measure the water content of the IL in the pulp dissolving process due to environment condensed water and that within the pulp.
8
Silk Cocoon Dissolution in Ionic Liquid
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Silk cocoons of the non-mulberry silkworm S. ricini (white variety) were collected from IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. The ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate (BMIMAc), obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louise USA) was chosen as solvent and used without further purification. Genipin was purchased from Wako Chemicals (USA). All other chemicals were reagent grade and were used as received.
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