Chemicals used both in the synthesis and characterization were of analytical reagent (AR) grade and were purchased as follows: calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (≥ 99 %), ammonium hydrogen phosphate (≥ 99 %, ammonium hydroxide (30 %), calcium hydroxide (≥ 95 %), phosphoric acid solution (w = 85 %) and hydroxyapatite were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Ciprofloxacin was obtained from Fluka (Switzerland), HPLC Water -LiChrosolv ® and solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, buffers) of HPLC grade from Merck (Germany).
Phosphoric acid solution
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Phosphoric acid solution is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is a common industrial and laboratory reagent used as a pH adjuster, acidifier, and cleaning agent. The solution contains a specified concentration of phosphoric acid dissolved in water.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Spectramax paradigm multi mode microplate reader, by Molecular Devices (2 mentions)
Cba mouse in ammation kit, by BD (2 mentions)
Curcumin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Plurol diisostearique cg, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Boric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroxyapatite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium fluoride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium tetrachloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
16 protocols using phosphoric acid solution
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite
2
Quantifying Inflammatory Mediators in BV-2 Cells
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BV-2 cells were assayed as described above and supernatants collected after 48 h to assess in ammatory-related molecules using the CBA Mouse In ammation kit (BD Pharmingen, USA) according to the supplier´s protocol. For NO dosage, supernatants were processed as previously described [7] (link). In brief, supernatants were mixed (1:1) with 0.1% naphthyl ethylenediamine and 1% sulfanilamide in 5% phosphoric acid solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 5 min at room temperature in the dark. Absorbance was then measured at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer (SpectraMax Paradigm Multi-mode Microplate Reader, Molecular Devices, LLC, USA).
3
Antioxidant-Loaded Cosmetic Formulations
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Curcumin (95%, Natures aid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), quercetin hydrate (≥95%, Sigma-Aldrich), cold-pressed grape (Vitis vinifera) seed oil (MAYAM Cosmetics, Oradea, Romania), ethanol absolute (>99.5%, Chimreactiv, Bucharest, Romania,), Plurol® Diisostearique CG (polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate, kindly gifted by Gattefosse, Saint-Priest, France), Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich), Carbopol® 980 NF (high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid), (Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc., Cleaveland, OH, USA), sodium hyaluronate salt (Streptococcus equi sp., molecular weight ~1.5–1.8 × 106 Da, Sigma-Aldrich), chitosan (highly viscous, Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) were used as received. All solvents used for HPLC analysis, acetonitrile (>99.9%), phosphoric acid solution (>85%), water, and ethanol absolute (>99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and were HPLC grade purity. Distilled water was used in all experiments.
4
Fabrication of Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Lithium iodide (LiI), iodine (I2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (EtOH), 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), tert-butyl alcohol (tBA), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid hexahydrate (H2PtCl6·6H2O), ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl3), PVA (Mw = 89,000 to 98,000), phosphoric acid solution (H3PO4), 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN), acetonitrile (ACN), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII), and cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) bis(tetra-butylammonium) (N719 dye) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received without further treatment. Miniature clear EVA tubing (length, 10 cm; inside diameter, 0.04″; outer diameter, 0.07″; wall thickness, 0.015″) was purchased from McMaster-Carr. Ti wires (diameter, 0.02″; purity, ~99.99%) and PDMS (Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and Dow Corning, respectively.
5
Quantitative Analysis of Thiols
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Analytical grade glutathione reduced, glutathione oxidized, cysteine, methionine, cysteinylglycine reduced, 5'5 dithiobis-(-2-nitrobenzoic acid), monosodium phosphate , sodium hydroxide pellets, sodium 1-octanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid solution and trichloroacetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co, (Poole, Dorset, UK). Electrochemical analysis grade acetonitrile was purchased from Fischer Scientific, (Loughborough, UK). Ultrapure, 0.2 µm filtered 18.2 mΩ-cm 2 water was obtained from a Diamond Lab Water System (Triple Red Laboratory Technology, Bucks, UK).
6
Graphite-Based Electrochemical Materials Synthesis
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The following ACS grade
materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: graphite powders, sulfuric
acid (H2SO4, 95.0–98.0%), phosphoric
acid solution (H3PO4, 85 wt %), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 37%),l -ascorbic acid ≥99%, ferric chloride
(FeCl3), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) powder ≥99.5%. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), ammonia solution 28–30%, and potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) were procured from VWR Canada. Ferrous ammonium
sulfate hexahydrate (H8FeN2O8S2·6H2O), barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl2·2H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetone >99.5%,
and reagent alcohol 94.0–96.0% were purchased from Fisher Scientific.
materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: graphite powders, sulfuric
acid (H2SO4, 95.0–98.0%), phosphoric
acid solution (H3PO4, 85 wt %), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 37%),
(FeCl3), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) powder ≥99.5%. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), ammonia solution 28–30%, and potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) were procured from VWR Canada. Ferrous ammonium
sulfate hexahydrate (H8FeN2O8S2·6H2O), barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl2·2H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetone >99.5%,
and reagent alcohol 94.0–96.0% were purchased from Fisher Scientific.
7
Detailed Referential Glycemic Protocols
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Reference standards, namely GLUC 1, [D-His]1-GLUC 2, [Glu]3-GLUC 3, [Glu]20-GLUC 6, [Glu]24-GLUC 5 and [Asp]28-GLUC 4 were gently given by Fresenius Kabi IPSUM (Italy).
HPLC quality H2O and acetonitrile (ACN), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) 30-hydrate (≥99% w/w), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHSO4) (≥99% w/w), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (≥99%) and phosphoric acid solution (85% w/w) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the solvents were filtered before use on a 0.2 μm filter.
HPLC quality H2O and acetonitrile (ACN), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) 30-hydrate (≥99% w/w), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHSO4) (≥99% w/w), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (≥99%) and phosphoric acid solution (85% w/w) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the solvents were filtered before use on a 0.2 μm filter.
8
Formulation and Evaluation of Curcumin-Loaded Topical Gel
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Cold-pressed grape seed oil (MAYAM Cosmetics, Oradea, Romania), Tween 80 and ethanol absolute (SIGMA-ALDRICH), Plurol® Diisostearique CG (Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate—PDCG, kindly gifted by Gattefosse, Saint-Priest, France), Carbopol® 980 NF (high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid), Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc, Wickliffe, OH, USA), hyaluronic acid sodium salt (Streptococcus Equi sp., molecular weight ~1.5–1.8 × 106 Da, SIGMA-ALDRICH), chitosan (highly viscous, Fluka®), Curcumin (95%, Natures aid), MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 1-bromide (97.50%, Sigma-Aldrich) and human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT, an immortal keratinocytes cell line spontaneously transformed from adult human skin, Cell Lines Service GmbH, Eppelheim, Germany) were used as received. Acetonitrile (>99.9%), phosphoric acid solution (>85%) and ethanol (>99.8%) solvents, used for HPLC analysis, were purchased from Sigma-Adrich (Sigma-Adrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany) and were all HPLC grade purity. Distilled water was employed in all experiments.
9
Mass Spectrometry Sample Prep Protocol
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Acetonitrile (ACN, LC-MS grade), water (LC-MS grade), methanol (LC-MS grade), 2-chloroacetamide, phosphoric acid solution, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Bond-Breaker tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) solution, 1M triethylammonium bicarbonate (TEAB), trypsin/Lys-C protease mix (cat# A40009), Pierce protease inhibitor mini tablets (cat# A32953), Pierce HeLa protein digest standard (cat# 88329), and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
10
Volatile Fatty Acid Analysis by GC
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VFA analysis were performed by gas chromatography (GC) (6890 N, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA), equipped with an HP - INNOWax column and a flame ionization detector.
To analyze the VFA, 5 ml of slurry sample, 25% phosphoric acid solution and 1 ml of saturated mercury solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) were taken into a 15 ml tube and then the solution was centrifuged at 3134 x g for 20 min. Thereafter, 1 ml of the supernatant was centrifuged at 13,800 x g for 10 min and filtered through a 0.2 μm filter (Whatman, Uppsala, Sweden). The filtrates were placed in 2.0 ml GC vials (Agilent, Santa Clara, Calif., USA) to measure the concentration of volatile fatty acids by GC.
0.2 μLwas the sample injection volume with a split ratio of 10:1.The temperature of the oven started from 80 °C, and then initially increased by 20 °C per minute and kept at 120 °C for 2 min, then the temperature was upgraded to 205 °C by increasing 10 °C per minute, finally, it was maintained at 205 °C for 2 min. The injection and detection ports were maintained at 250 °C.
To analyze the VFA, 5 ml of slurry sample, 25% phosphoric acid solution and 1 ml of saturated mercury solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) were taken into a 15 ml tube and then the solution was centrifuged at 3134 x g for 20 min. Thereafter, 1 ml of the supernatant was centrifuged at 13,800 x g for 10 min and filtered through a 0.2 μm filter (Whatman, Uppsala, Sweden). The filtrates were placed in 2.0 ml GC vials (Agilent, Santa Clara, Calif., USA) to measure the concentration of volatile fatty acids by GC.
0.2 μLwas the sample injection volume with a split ratio of 10:1.The temperature of the oven started from 80 °C, and then initially increased by 20 °C per minute and kept at 120 °C for 2 min, then the temperature was upgraded to 205 °C by increasing 10 °C per minute, finally, it was maintained at 205 °C for 2 min. The injection and detection ports were maintained at 250 °C.
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