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21 protocols using high performance liquid chromatography grade methanol

1

Quantitative Analysis of Targeted Anticancer Drugs

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Gefitinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, vemurafenib, imatinib, axitinib, crizotinib, Z-sunitinib, and E-sunitinib were isolated by Waters® ACQUITY UPLC® I CLASS (Milford Waters, MA, USA) and quantified using SCIEX® TRIPLE QUADTM 5500(AB Sciex, CA, USA). Gefitinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, vemurafenib, imatinib, axitinib, crizotinib, Z-sunitinib, and e-sunitinib were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). N-desethyl sunitinib hydrochloride, gefitinib-D6, nilotinib-D3, pazopanib-[C13, D3] hydrochloride, vemurafenib-13C6, imatinib-D8, axitinib-[C13, D3], crizotinib-[13C2, D5], sunitinib-D4 and N-desethyl sunitinib-D5 hydrochloride were obtained from Shimatsu AlsaChim (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). High-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA USA), formic acid from Roe Scientific (Newark, DE, USA) and DMSO from Aladdin (Shanghai China). Mass spectrometry-grade ammonium formate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Human blank plasma was collected from an abandoned blood sample of apparently healthy individualswhich were provided by the health examination center of Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University (Shanghai, China) (IRB_B2020-310).
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2

Analysis of Artemisia absinthium Essential Oil

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N-hexanol (99.6%, Merck) was used as the internal standard for the gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) calibration analysis. Pure alpha-pinene (147524, 98% Aldrich), sabinene (275166, 99% Aldrich), beta-pinene (80609, analytical standard [Fluka]), p-cymene (30039, analytical standard [Fluka]), and chamazulene (91595, analytical standard [Fluka]) were used as the standards as the five important components of the A. absinthium essential oil. Two, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, sodium carbonates anhydrous, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Sternheim, Germany). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Antibiotics

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Standard compounds including CAP, ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), azithromycin (AZM), cefuroxime (CXM), and cefoperazone (CFP) were purchased from the National Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biological Products of China (Beijing, China). The purity of all standard chemicals was >99.8%. The CAP antibody was purchased from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA). CAP succinate sodium was purchased from Efebio (Shanghai, China). High performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). CM5 chips, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), ethanolamine, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and HBS-EP buffer were provided by GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a purity of >99.5% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Purified water was obtained using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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4

Formulation and Characterization of Lipid-Based Delivery System

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TM was acquired as a generous gift from the Saudi Arabian Japanese Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). SP and PSO oils were procured from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Glyceryl distearate (Precirol ATO5), caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides (Labrasol), and propylene glycol monocaprylate (Capryol 90) were obtained from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol, chloroform, and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Absolute ethanol and phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 were purchased from Fisher Scientific UK (Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK). All other reagents and chemicals used were of analytical grade.
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5

In Vitro Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions

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Rifampicin (>95% purity) and digoxin (>98% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, GmbH, Munich, Germany). Elacridar (>98% purity) was synthesized by the Discovery Chemical Synthesis department at Biocon Bristol Myers-Squibb Research and Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Citric acid monohydrate and citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate for the citrate buffer were obtained from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) were from Roquette (Lestrem, France) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. MultiScreen Solvinert filter plates (0.45 µm, low-binding hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene) were purchased from Millipore (Carrigtwohill, Ireland). High-performance liquid chromatography–grade methanol was purchased from Merck (Mumbai, India). Formic acid was purchased from Fluka (Fluka Chemie, GmbH, Munich, Germany) and Milli-Q water from Milli-Q system (Millipore SAS, Molsheim, France). Polyethylene-50 tubing was purchased from Smiths Medical (ASD incorporation, Dublin, OH, USA), and 22-gauge needles were purchased from Becton Dickinson India Pvt Ltd (Bangalore, India).
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6

Quantitative Analysis of β-Agonists

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Sixteen β-agonist standards and five internal standards, including clenbuterol (CLB), mabuterol (MAB), brombuterol (BRM), clenpenterol (CLP), ractopamine (RAC), salbutamol (SAL), terbutaline (TEB), formoterol (FOM), isoxsuprine (ISS), ritodrine (RIT), phenylethanolamine A (PEA), clorprenaline (CLO), tulobuterol (TUL), bambuterol (BAM), cimbuterol (CIB), hydroxymethyl clenbuterol (H-CLB), clenbuterol-D9 (CLB-D9), ractopamine-D6 (RAC-D6), salbutamol-D3 (SAL-D3), phenylethanolamine A-D3 (PEA-D3), and bambuterol-D9 (BAM-D9), were obtained from Alta Scientific Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All standards were 100 mg/L in concentration and the purity was ≥99%. β-glucuronidase/sulfatase (>100,000 units/mL) was purchased from Anpel Laboratory Technologies Inc. (Shanghai, China). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol and acetonitrile were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid (HPLC-grade), acetic acid (analytical grade), ammonium acetate, and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was supplied by the Sartorius Arium® pro system (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany).
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7

Nanoemulsion Formulation and Characterization

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SMV was acquired as a generous gift from the Saudi Arabian Japanese (SAJA) Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Coconut oil was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Cremophor EL was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Lauroglycol™ FCC was a gift from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). High-performance liquid chromatography–grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Chloroform, absolute ethanol, phosphate buffer pH 7.4, and 0.9% normal saline were purchased from Fisher Scientific UK (Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK). Water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
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8

Pharmaceutical Formulation Development

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PV was acquired as a generous gift from the Saudi Arabian Japanese (SAJA) Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Gr oil was purchased from the Beutysway Commercial Foundation (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Tween 80 and Span 80 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Transcutol was a gift from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). High-performance liquid chromatography–grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
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9

Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids

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Phenylalanine (>99%, M0125A), Tryptophan (>99%, J1128AS), Kynurenine (>99%, MB5637), Tyrosine (>98%, O1204AS), and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (>98%, K1808035) were purchased from meilunbio; Phenylacetylglutamine (97.7%, 140,739–200,501) was purchased from NIFDC; L‐phenylalanine‐d5 (Phe‐d5, SDHA‐013) was purchased from CIL and used as an analytical internal standard (IS); High‐performance liquid chromatography–grade methanol was purchased from Merck Millipore. Ultrapure water was obtained using a Merck Millipore water purification system.
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10

Fluorescent Dye Extraction and Analysis

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Tricin, high-performance liquid-chromatography grade ethyl acetate (> 99.8%), and high-performance liquid-chromatography grade methanol (> 99.9%) were purchased from Merck; MS grade methanol (> 99.9%) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); and analytical reagent methanol from Donghong Chemical Factory (Guangzhou, China). The reagents used for molecular experiments were purchased from TransGen Biotech and Genstar (Guangzhou, China). 2,4,5–7-tetra bromo fluorescein disodium salt was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (China).
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