4 hydroxymephenytoin

EAM-2201 was obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Acetaminophen, N-acetylserotonin, alamethicin, chenodeoxycholic acid, coumarin, diclofenac, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 7-hydroxycoumarin, midazolam, mycophenolic acid, naloxone, naloxone 3-β-d-glucuronide, NADPH, phenacetin, trifluoperazine, Trizma base and uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ¹³C₂,¹⁵N-Acetaminophen, bufuralol, N-desethylamodiaquine, 1′-hydroxybufuralol, d₉-1-hydroxybufuralol, 4-hydroxydiclofenac, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, 1′-hydroxymidazolam, [S]-mephenytoin and ultrapooled human liver microsomes (150 donors) were purchased from Corning Life Sciences (Woburn, MA, USA). N-Acetylserotonin β-d-glucuronide, chenodeoxycholic acid 24-acyl-β-glucuronide, mycophenolic acid β-d-glucuronide and SN-38 glucuronide were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). SN-38 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol and water were of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific Co. (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest quality available.

Epimagnolin A, eudesmin, fargesin, and magnolin were obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Dimethyllirioresinol was a gift from Natural Medicine Research Center in Korea Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology (Ochang, Korea). Bufuralol hydrochloride, 1′-hydroxybufuralol maleate, d₉-1′-hydroxybufuralol maleate, bupropion, hydroxybupropion, 4′-hydroxydiclofenac, 1′-hydroxymidazolam, 4′-hydroxymephenytoin, [S]-mephenytoin, and pooled human liver microsomes (catalog number 452161) were purchased from Corning Life Sciences (Woburn, MA, USA). Amodiaquine hydrochloride, N-desethylamodiaquine dihydrochloride, acetaminophen, coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, diclofenac sodium, midazolam, phenacetin, and NADPH were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N-acetaminophen was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Methanol, acetonitrile, and water (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [LC-MS] grade) were purchased from Fischer Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest quality available.

AM-2201 was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Acetaminophen, alamethicin, chenodeoxycholic acid, coumarin, diclofenac, 7-hydroxycoumarin, midazolam, mycophenolic acid, N-acetylserotonin, naloxone, naloxone 3-β-d-glucuronide, NADPH, phenacetin, trifluoperazine, Trizma^® base, and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapool human liver microsomes (150 donors), ¹³C₂,¹⁵N-Acetaminophen, bufuralol, N-desethylamodiaquine, 1′-hydroxybufuralol, 4-hydroxy-diclofenac, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, d₃-4-hydroxymephenytoin, 1′-hydroxymidazolam, d₉-1-hydroxybufuralol, and [S]-mephenytoin were obtained from Corning Life Sciences (Woburn, MA, USA). SN-38 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). N-Acetylserotonin β-d-glucuronide, chenodeoxycholic acid-24-acyl-β-glucuronide, mycophenolic acid β-d-glucuronide, and SN-38 glucuronide were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Acetonitrile and methanol (high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest quality available.