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20 protocols using e el h0109c

1

Quantifying CMV Antibodies and Inflammatory Markers

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (CMV IgG antibody Diagnostic Kit or CMV IgG antibody Diagnostic Kit, Haitai Biotech Inc, Zhuhai, China) was employed to determine CMV infection (IgG antibody, IgM antibody) using baseline frozen (-80°C) serum samples according to the product specifications (antibody titer <1.1 is seronegative; antibody titer ≥1.1, seropositive). The test sensitivity was 96.2 and 99.9% and the specificity was 97.8 and 99.8% for CMV IgG and IgM, respectively. The optical density (OD) value and the antibody titer were proportional. Among the 563 participants, 16 participants were CMV IgG seronegative (antibody titer <1.1) and 547 were CMV IgG seropositive (≥1.1); 561 participants were CMV IgM seronegative (<1.1) and 2 were CMV IgM seropositive (≥1.1). All participants were further categorized into four groups according to quartiles of CMV antibody concentrations (U): 0–3.75, 3.76–4.25, 4.26–4.85, and >4.85.
We also evaluated CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels with E-EL-H0043c, E-EL-H0109c, and E-EL-H0102c, respectively (Wuhan Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The OD value and the CRP/TNF-α/IL-6 concentration were proportional. CRP/TNF-α/IL-6 concentrations in the samples were calculated based on the OD value and standard curve, according to the kit manual, using the software curve expert 1.3.
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2

Inflammatory Cytokine Quantification

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Serum from the participants and the supernatant from HG-inducted and transfected HK-2 cells were collected. The expression levels of interleukin (IL) -1β (cat: E-EL-H0149c, Elabscience Biotech, China), IL-6 (cat: E-EL-H6156, Elabscience Biotech, China), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, Cat: E-EL-H0109c, Elabscience Biotech, China) were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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3

Quantifying CIRP and Inflammatory Factors

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The CIRP concentrations in the human and rat serum were detected using CIRP ELISA kits (SEG886Hu and SEG886Ra, Cloud-Clone Corp.) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The concentration difference of CIRP in the human serum between the two time points was recorded as ΔCIRP. The ELISA kits for interleukin 6 (IL-6, E-EL-H0102c and E-EL-R0015c, Elabscience), IL-1β (E-EL-H0149c and E-EL-R0012c, Elabscience), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, E-EL-H0109c and E-EL-R2856c, Elabscience) were used to detect inflammatory factors in the rat serum and the cell culture medium.
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4

Serum Cytokine Profiling from Blood

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Five milliliters of venous blood was drawn from each subject and kept standing for 30 minutes. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the blood cells in the pellet were used for genome extraction. The extracted supernatant was stored at −80°C for serum cytokine detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TNF-α-detection kit used was E-EL-H0109c (Elabscience, Wuhan, China), and the IL-6-detection kit used was E-EL-H0102c (Elabscience, Wuhan, China).
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5

Quantifying Secretion Mechanisms in LPS-Stimulated HMECs

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The levels of human (SEC642Hu) and mouse serum MSN (SEC642Mu) and PCT (SEA689Mu) were quantified by ELISA using specific kits (USCN Life Sciences, Wuhan, China), according to the manufacturer's instructions. To explore the secretion mechanisms of MSN in HMECs after LPS stimulation, three inhibitors of the main pathways of protein secretion were employed in the experiment. The dosage of inhibitors is as follows: the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 1 mM, Selleck, S2767), the exosome secretion inhibitor 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride DMA (DMA, 50 nM, APExBIO, C3505), and the protein transport inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA, 10 ng/ml, APExBIO, B1400). The supernatants were collected from the cultured medium 24 h later. To explore the role of MSN in the process of excessive inflammation caused by sepsis, HMECs were, respectively, transfected with siNC and siMSN RNA for 48 h, then exposed to LPS for 24 h, and the supernatants were collected to measure IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (E-EL-H0149c, IL-18 E-EL-H0253c, E-EL-H0102c, E-EL-H0109c, Elabscience Biotechnology, Wuhan, China).
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6

ELISA Assay of Inflammatory Cytokines

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ELISA analysis was performed as previously described (Yan et al., 2021 (link)). The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in brain tissue or cell culture medium were detected with ELISA kits (Elabscience Biotechnology, E-EL-M0037c for mouse IL-1β, E-EL-H0149c for human IL-1β, E-EL-M0049c for mouse TNF-α, E-EL-H0109c for human TNF-α, E-EL-M0044c for mouse IL-6, E-EL-H0102c for human IL-6). All procedures were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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7

Protein Quantification from Cell Cultures

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In brief, for every 1 × 10^6 cells, add about 200 μL of pre-cooled PBS and fully lyse the cells by ultrasonication. Centrifuge the lysate for 10 min at 1500 × g at 4 °C, and then remove the cell debris to collect the supernatant. The cell culture supernatant is further centrifuged for 20 min at 1000 × g at 4 °C to collect the clarified supernatant. Both the collected cell lysates and supernatants are quantified using TNF (E-EL-H0109c, Elabscience) or IL-6 (E-EL-H6156, Elabscience) ELISA kits.
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8

Quantitative ELISA Measurement of TNF-α and IL-1β

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Quantitative measurements of TNF-α (E-EL-H0109c, Elabscience, China) and IL-1β (E-EL-H0149c, Elabscience) released into cell culture media were performed by ELISA according to manufacturer’s directions. The detection range was 7.81- 500 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 4.69 pg/mL.
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9

Cytokine Secretion Profiling in Cell Cultures

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To detect secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the supernatant, we plated cells in 6-well plates and subjected them to various treatments. After centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 10 min, the supernatant was collected. The levels of secreted IL-1β (E-EL-H0149c), IL-6 (E-EL-H6156), IL-8 (E-EL-H6008), and TNF-α (E-EL-H0109c) (all from Elabscience, China) were determined with ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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10

Pediatric Inflammatory Biomarkers Evaluation

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During the treatment, the signs and symptoms of all pediatric patients were monitored, and the disappearance time of fever, cough, asthma, and pulmonary rales was recorded. 5 ml of venous blood was collected before and after the treatment and centrifuged, and then, the serum was secured. The white blood cell (WBC) count was evaluated by an automatic hematology analyzer (SYSMEX-5000). The serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by immunoturbidimetry (Cobas E 801). The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The kit of IL-6 was provided by Abcam (cat no. ab178013); the kit of TNF-α was provided by Elabscience (cat no. E-EL-H0109c).
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