Grain samples (advanced M7 mutant lines and parent, cv. Zhenis) were washed with sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.1%), rinsed in deionized water, dried to a constant weight at 65-70°C, and then ground with a mixer mill (Retsch MM400 GmbH). The digestion and extraction of the sample (0.2 g) were as described [33 ]. Calcium, iron, and zinc concentrations were measured using flame atomic absorption spectroscopies Model NovAA350, AnalytikJena, Jena, Germany. Measurements of all minerals were checked against the certified reference values from the state standard samples LLC “HromLab”, Ca-7475-184 98, Fe-7254-96, and Zn-7256-96 diluted by 0.3% HNO3. Three extracts for analysis were performed.
Novaa 350
Manufactured by Analytik Jena
Sourced in Germany
The NovAA 350 is an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) developed by Analytik Jena. It is designed for the determination of trace elements in a variety of sample matrices. The instrument utilizes flame or graphite furnace atomization techniques to analyze the elemental composition of samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
20 protocols using novaa 350
1
Mineral Content Analysis of Grain Samples
2
Determination of Cd and Si in Plants
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For the measurement of Cd concentration in dried root, shoot, and grain tissues at physiological maturity, a mixture of di-acid method was practiced by the subsequent procedures of Jones and Case, [60 ]. A Perkin-Elmer for atomic absorption spectrophotometer (novAA ® 350- Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) was used to evaluate the concentration of Cd [61 ]. For the estimation of Si contents, the rice plant parts sample (<0.250 mm) was digested in a mixture of 62% (w/w) HNO3 (3 mL), 30% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide (3 mL), and 46% (w/w) HF (2 mL). After that, 4% (w/v) boric acid was used to dilute the digested sample to 100 mL. Colorimetric molybdenum blue method at 600 nm was used to determine the Si concentration in the digest solution [62 (link)].
3
Femur and Tibia Bone Quality Analysis
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The bone quality indices ofthe rightfemur and tibia, including length, bone mineral density (BMD), bone calcium content, and bone maximum load, were analyzed. The length of femurs and tibias was measured with an electronic vernier caliper (DL91150, Deli, China). The BMD of the entire femur and tibia was measured by microcomputed tomography scanner (Latheta LCT-200, Hitachi Aloka Medical, Japan), and the scanning process was set as 70 kV, 80 μA X-ray energy, and 9 μm isotropic voxels. The bone calcium content was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (novAA® 350, Analytikjena, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The bone maximum load was evaluated by the three-point bending mechanics experiment using a universal testing machine (CMT5505, MTS industrial Systems, Beijing China). The load was applied to the midpoint of the bone at the calibration 10 kg, loading speed 2 mm/min, span 20 mm until the fracture occurred, and the maximum load of the left femurs and tibias were recorded. The cortical bone area ratio and trabecular relative bone density were analyzed by Leica Qwin image analysis software (Leica, Germany).
4
Calcium Binding Capacity Assay
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The previous method was used in assessing the calcium binding capability of different hydrolysates [59 ]. Approximately 1 mg of sample was mixed in 1 mL of distilled water and then combined with 2 mL of 5 mmol/L CaCl2 solutions. After adjusting the pH to 7.8 with 0.01 mol/L NaOH, the mixture was incubated for 30 min in 37 °C water. Approximately 4 mL of phosphate buffered saline (20 mmol/L, pH 7.8) was mixed, and the mixture was bathed at 37 °C for 30 min. The mixture was then centrifuged for 15 min at 6000× g, and the supernatant was obtained. The experimental condition for the blank group was the same as above. The calcium content was determined through flame atomic absorption spectrometry (novAA®350, Analytikjena, Germany), and the calcium binding capacity was computed using Formula (2):
where M1 is the content of calcium in the supernatant (µg), M0 is the content of calcium in the blank solution (µg), and M is the content of protein in the sample (mg).
where M1 is the content of calcium in the supernatant (µg), M0 is the content of calcium in the blank solution (µg), and M is the content of protein in the sample (mg).
5
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Cu2+ Analysis
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To assess the accuracy of the method, the Cu2+ concentrations in real tea and water samples were also analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS, NOVAA350; Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany). The lamp current was set at 3.0 mA, and the spectral bandwidth was operated at 1.4 nm. The analytical wavelength was set at 324.8 nm. The working standard solutions were prepared daily through a stepwise dilution of the standard stock solutions with 0.5% (v/v) nitric acid (HNO3). All containers and glassware for the AAS test were cleaned by soaking them in 5 M HNO3 for at least 24 h and rinsing three times with DI water prior to use.
6
Determination of Fe and Zn in Wheat Flour
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The total Fe and Zn content of wheat flour was determined by nitric-hydrochloric acid digestion. Nitric acid (5 ml) was added to wheat flour (1 g) in a 250 ml digestive tube and kept in the fume hood overnight. After 24 h, freshly prepared aqua regia (three parts of 37% HCl and one part of 65% HNO3) was added to the tube and heated at 200 °C for 45 min or until the volume reduced to about 1 ml and the fumes disappeared. After cooling, interior tube walls were washed with distilled water to avert the loss of sample and filtered with Whatman filter paper. In the end, a sufficient amount of distilled water was added to make the final volume (50 ml). An atomic absorption spectrometer (novAA® 350; Analytik Jena, Neckarsulm, Germany) was used to quantify the concentration of metals in the digestion mixture.
7
Preparation of Hydrolysate-Calcium Complex
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The preparation of hydrolysate–calcium complex was performed as described by Sun et al. [14 (link)] with some modifications. Briefly, 2% (w/v) hydrolysate was added to 1% CaCl2 solution. The mixture was incubated in a water bath at 50 °C at a pH of 7.5 for 50 min. Upon completion of the chelation reaction, 9 times as much absolute ethanol was added to the reaction to remove the calcium. Then the complex was centrifuged at 8000× g for 15 min, and the precipitate was collected, lyophilized, and marked as SBPH–Ca. The calcium binding capacity was determined as Wang’s reported [11 (link)] with some modification. Next the bound calcium and total calcium content were measured with an atomic spectrophotometer (novAA 350®, Analytik Jena, Germany).
8
Nutrient Digestibility Analysis in Livestock
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Feed and feces samples were dried at 105 °C until they reached a constant weight to determine the dry matter (DM) and milled through a 40 mesh screen. Crude protein (CP) was calculated through the determination of the nitrogen (N) content by the Kjeldahl method according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005). The concentrations of Cu, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in diets and feces were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (novAA 350, Analytik Jena AG, Jena, Germany) (ISO 6869: 2000). The acid-insoluble ash (AIA) method was used to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CP, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, as previously described [19 (link)].
9
Quantification of Mineral Elements in Honey
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The mineral elements quantified were Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na. Five grams of honey were calcined at 550 °C and after cooling 5 mL of nitric acid 0.1 M were added, shaked and heated until completely dry on a hot plate. Ten mL of nitric acid 0.1 M was added and make up to 25 mL with distilled water [17 (link)]. For the Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe, the measurement was done through flame atomic absorption spectroscopy air-acetylene using a novAA 350 (Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany), while for the analysis of Na, K and Al, microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (4200 MP-AES, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used. The concentrations were expressed as mg/ kg honey.
10
Soil Chemical Properties Determination
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Soil pH was determined with a water/soil ratio of 2.5/1. SOM, TN, TP, TK, AN, AP, and AK were determined as described by Zhou et al. (2017) (link). Briefly, SOM was determined by titration after wet oxidation with H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7 (Heanes, 1984 (link)). TN, TP, and TK were determined using the Kjeldahl method, the molybdenum blue colorimetric method, and the flame photometric method (Analytik Jena novAA® 350, Germany), respectively. AN, AP, and AK were determined by the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, the molybdenum blue colorimetric method, and the flame photometric method, respectively. ECa, AS, and EAl were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method, barium sulfate turbidity method, and spectrophotometric method, respectively.
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