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5 protocols using alexa fluor 555 goat anti mouse igg1

1

Immunohistochemistry of Cochlear Hair Cells

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Animals were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS following flushing with prewarmed PBS. The cochleae of the guinea pigs were removed and immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 h at RT. The organ of Corti was carefully dissected and permeabilized with 5% horse serum in PBS supplemented with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 1 h. The samples were then incubated with anti-CtBP2 IgG1 (1:100; 612044, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), anti-GluA2 IgG (1:1000; MAB397, Merck KGa, Darmstadt, Germany) and anti-myosin 7a (1:100; sc-74516, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) polyclonal antibodies with 3% horse serum in PBS supplemented with 0.3% Triton X-100 overnight at 37 °C. After three washes with PBS, the tissues were incubated with secondary antibodies against CtBP2 (Alexa Fluor™ 555 goat anti-mouse IgG1, 1:500, A21127, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), GluA2 (Alexa Fluor™ 488 goat anti-mouse IgG2a, 1:1000, A21131, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and myosin 7a (Alexa Fluor™ 647 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), 1:500, A31573, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) for 1 h at 37 °C. The samples were mounted with DAPI Fluoromount-G® mounting medium (SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL, USA) and covered with a coverslip for analysis. Images were obtained using an LSM 880 Zeiss confocal microscope.
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2

Immunofluorescence Localization of Germline Proteins

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BmN4 cells were placed on 0.075% poly-L-lysine coated glass coverslips. The cells were treated with or without 35 μg/mL digitonin in PBS for 5 min, fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min, and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 min. After blocking with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS, the cells were incubated with primary antibodies diluted with 3% BSA in PBS at room temperature. Anti-Mael (this study), anti-Siwi, anti-Spn-E, anti-Qin, anti-Vasa (Nishida et al., 2015 (link)), anti-Vret (Nishida et al., 2020 (link)), anti-Flag (Sigma-Aldrich), and anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich) antibodies were used as primary antibodies. After washing with PBS, the cells were incubated with secondary antibodies diluted in PBS with 3% BSA at room temperature in the dark. Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG1, Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-mouse IgG1, Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-mouse IgG2a, and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as secondary antibodies. After washing with PBS, the cells were mounted with VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI (VECTOR LABORATORIES). Images were collected using a Zeiss LSM980 laser-scanning microscope with a Plan-Apochromat 63×/1.4 Oil DIC objective lens. Pixel dwell time was set at 2.05 μs and two sequentially scanned images were averaged.
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3

Antibody Staining for Collagen Types

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The following primary antibodies were used in this study: human collagen type I (Col1) rabbit immunoglobulin poly IgG (1:200) (ACRIS, SAN, CA, USA), collagen type II (Col2) clone 6B3 (1:200) (Merck, Darmstadt, HE, Germany). The following second antibodies were used: Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG1 (1:500) (Invitrogen: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-mouse IgG1 (1:500) (Invitrogen). The nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
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4

Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry Procedures

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Antibodies used for Western immunoblotting were as follows: monoclonal anti-mouse C1q (rat IgG1) (Hycult Biotech, Uden, The Netherlands), monoclonal anti-β-actin (mouse IgG) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), or monoclonal anti-porcine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (mouse IgG1) (Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA). Chemiluminescence detection was performed by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated rabbit anti-rat IgG (H + L) (Zymed Laboratories, now part of Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and sheep anti-mouse IgG (Amersham Biosciences, now part of GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Antibodies used for immunohistochemistry were as follows: monoclonal anti-porcine GFAP (mouse IgG1) (Chemicon) and monoclonal anti-mouse F4/80 (rat IgG2b) (Serotec, Oxford, UK). Immunofluorescence detection was performed by using Alexa Fluor 488-goat anti-rat IgG2b (Invitrogen) or Alexa Fluor 555-goat anti-mouse IgG1 (Invitrogen).
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5

STAT6 Nuclear Translocation Imaging

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Confocal microscopic analysis of STAT6 and p-STAT6 nuclear translocation was carried out following previously described methods 43 . HEK293T cells were grown on the coverslips and transfected with indicated plasmid. After stimulation with 100ng/mL of IL-4 for 1 and 4h, the cells were fixed for 20 min in 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100. After blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin, the cells were stained with a mouse anti-p-STAT6 mAb [clone 4H253, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalogue number sc71793) and anti-STAT6 rabbit mAb (clone D3H4, Cell signaling, catalogue number 5397), incubated at 4 °C overnight. Alexa Fluor 555-goat anti-mouse IgG1 (Invitrogen, catalogue number A21127) and Alexa Fluor Plus-647 conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, catalogue number A32733) secondary antibodies (1:500 dilution) were used for visualizing. After, cells were washed with PBS and stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Sigma; 1:10,000 dilution). Images were acquired with a Zeiss LSM880 confocal microscope and ZEN imaging software. Ten fields were selected randomly and total cells in the field were analyzed for the percentage of STAT6 nuclear localization using ImageJ software.
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