Jatrorrhizine

Standard compounds, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, magnoflorine, choline, ecdysteroids, lidocaine, D-camphor and 5,7-isoflavone were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetonitrile, formic acid and water of LC-MS grade were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich.

Reagents used to perform the antioxidant determinations—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the standards of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, quercetin, D-saccharic acid (glucaric acid), glucaric acid potassium salt and rutoside at purity exceeding 95% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Spectroscopic grade solvents used for the LC-MS analyses—acetonitrile, water and formic acid, were manufactured by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The reagent grade chemicals used for the preparation of extracts and spectrophotometric determinations were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland).

The reagents, such as methanol, chloroform, hydrochloric acid and triethylamine, used for the extraction and chromatographic separation of alkaloids, were of analytical grade and were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). Spectroscopic grade solvents used for the HPLC-MS analyses—acetonitrile, water and formic acid were manufactured by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All cell culture reagents, standards of berberine (13), coptisine (11), jatrorrhizine (10) and palmatine (12) (purity exceeding 95%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).