Titanium isopropoxide ti och ch3 2 4

The obtained composite was immobilized on round glass substrates (r = 37.5 mm) using a low-temperature procedure developed by Kete et al. [22 (link)]. The procedure calls for the preparation of a titania precursor sol and silica precursor sol. The titania sol was obtained by perchloric acid (HClO₄, Kemika) catalyzed hydrolysis of an ethanolic solution of titanium isopropoxide (Ti{OCH(CH₃)₂}₄, Acros Organics) under reflux for 48 h. The silica sol was prepared by hydrochloric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (Si(OC₂H₅)₄) in water. Once a clear silica sol was obtained, it was mixed with the titania sol, ethanol, and colloidal silica Levasil 200/30 (Obermeier) to form the binder sol. To the binder sol an appropriate amount of S-TiO₂/rGO was added and homogenized in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min. The photocatalyst was deposited on glass substrates by spin coating at 1500 rpm for 30 s using a KW-4A spin coater (Chemat Technology). The plates were finally thermally treated at 200 °C in air for 2 h, using an UN-55 programmable laboratory oven (Memmert, Schwabach, Germany).

Titanium ethoxide, Ti(OC₂H₅)₄, (Acros Organics, Pittsburg, PA, USA), titanium isopropoxide, Ti(OCH(CH₃)₂)₄, (Acros Organics, 98+%), conc. HCl (Fisher-Scientific, ACS grade, 37 wt %), and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, (Acros Organics, analysis grade) were used for the synthesis of the titanium dioxide. Deionized water of 18.2 MΩ cm water was employed throughout the synthesis.