Chronic HCV genotype 1-infected patients who visited 302 Military Hospital of China from October 2011 through September 2012 were enrolled in the study. The diagnostic criteria were based on 2011 European HCV clinical practice guidelines issued by the European Association for the Study of the Liver.6 (link) Patients with other hepatitis viruses or human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, or other chronic liver conditions (hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, alcoholic liver diseases, and others) were excluded. The study was approved by the ethics committee of 302 Military Hospital of China, and carried out in compliance with the Helsinki declaration. All patients gave written informed consent. All patients received standard anti-HCV treatment with Peg-IFN-α (180 μg once per week) or Peg-IFN-α (1.5 μg/kg once per week) plus RBV (15 mg/kg per day). (PegIntron, Merck Sharp & Dohme Italia SPA, Via Emilia 21 PAVIA 27100, Italy).
Pegintron
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
PegIntron is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for use in research and scientific applications. The core function of PegIntron is to facilitate the conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to proteins, peptides, or other molecules, enabling the creation of pegylated compounds. This process can alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the target substance.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
11 protocols using pegintron
1
Chronic HCV Genotype 1 Treatment Protocol
2
MERS-CoV Treatment Comparison: RBV/rIFN vs. Control
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The main exposure was RBV/rIFN therapy, defined as the use of RBV/rIFN combination, RBV alone, or rIFN alone. The comparator group was the use of neither RBV nor rIFN. Three different types of rIFNs were used in the current cohort: rIFN-α2a (Pegasys, Hoffmann-La Roche, c/o Genentech, South San Francisco, California); rIFN-α2b (PEG-Intron, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey); and rIFN-β1a (Rebif, Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts). Commonly used dosing protocols for RBV/rIFN for patients with MERS in the participating hospitals are shown in Supplementary Table 1 .
3
Simeprevir Combination Therapy for Hepatitis C
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Simeprevir (100 mg/day, Soriad ® ; Janssen, Tokyo, Japan) was p.o. administrated for an initial 12 weeks in combination with PEG IFN (pegylated interferon-α-2b, PegIntron ® ; Merck Sharp and Dohme, Tokyo, Japan) and RBV (Rebetol ® ; Merck Sharp and Dohme), followed by another 12 weeks of dual therapy (PEG IFN/RBV). The treatment period of the dual therapy was lengthened to 24 or 36 weeks (total period, 36-48) in cases where the PEG IFN/RBV dose was reduced. PEG IFN was injected s. c. once a week at a dose of 1.5 μg/kg per week. RBV was administrated p.o. at a dose of 600 mg/body per day (bodyweight ≤ 60 kg), 800 mg/body per day (60 < bodyweight ≤ 80 kg) or 1000 mg/body per day (80 kg < bodyweight) according to the manufacturer's instruction. The doses of PEG IFN and RBV were adjusted according to the occurrence of hematological disorders or complications during therapy. Dose adherence to RBV or PEG IFN was calculated using the following equation: (adherence to RBV or PEG IFN [%]) = (total administrated dose [mg/week]) / (planned dose in the protocol [mg/ week]) × 100. The triple therapy was initiated during hospitalization for 1 or 2 weeks and was then continued as an outpatient service.
4
Comparative Evaluation of PEG-IFN Treatments
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PFN α-2a (Pegasys; Hoffman LaRoche, Clifton, NJ) and PFN α-2b (Pegintron; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boston, MA) were used to treat chronic HCV in the included patients. Patients were recruited from the practices of 2 different clinicians (Clinician A and Clinician B). At the time of treatment prescription, patients were given information about the 2 drugs, and most patients agreed to the clinicians' recommendation regarding the allocation of treatment. The α-2a regimen was recommended for the majority of patients treated by Clinician A, while α-2b was recommended for the majority of patients treated by Clinician B. PEG-IFN α-2a was administered to patients treated in the outpatient department (not allocated by clinicians) who were treated by Clinician A, while PEG-IFN α-2b was administered to those treated by Clinician B. Dosages varied by IFN formulation and by individual patient but, generally, α-2a was administered as a fixed once-weekly dose, while α-2b was administered weekly according to patient body weight.
5
Pegylated Interferon and DAA Therapy Regimens
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Patients received pegIFN- or DAA-based therapy. Those who received pegIFN-based therapy were prescribed pegIFN α-2a (Pegasys, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) at a dosage of 180 μg/week or pegIFN α-2b (Peg-Intron, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) at a dosage of 1.5 μg/kg/week subcutaneously, and were administered oral RBV at a daily dosage of 1000 mg (body weight < 75 kg) or 1200 mg (body weight ≥ 75 kg) for 24 or 48 weeks depending on each patient’s virologic response at week 4 [12 (link)]. Doses of RBV (mg/kg/day) during treatment were calculated for each patient.
6
Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment
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In this study, weekly subcutaneous injection of 180 µg of Pegaferon® (PegIFN-alpha-2a by Pooyesh Darou, Tehran, Iran) or 1.5 µg per kg body weight of Pegintron® (PegIFN-alpha-2b by Merck, USA) plus daily oral administration of Ribabiovir® (Ribavirin by Bakhtar Bioshimi, Kermanshah, Iran), was prescribed for 24-48 weeks in all HCV patients (HCV genotype 1 and 3 mono-infected and HCV/HIV co-infected patients) regardless of baseline HCV RNA levels. The doses of RBV in all subjects were adjusted according to body weight (1000 - 1200 mg based on body weight below or over 75 kg in genotype 1 and 800 mg in genotype 3).
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In this study, weekly subcutaneous injection of 180 µg of Pegaferon® (PegIFN-alpha-2a by Pooyesh Darou, Tehran, Iran) or 1.5 µg per kg body weight of Pegintron® (PegIFN-alpha-2b by Merck, USA) plus daily oral administration of Ribabiovir® (Ribavirin by Bakhtar Bioshimi, Kermanshah, Iran), was prescribed for 24-48 weeks in all HCV patients (HCV genotype 1 and 3 mono-infected and HCV/HIV co-infected patients) regardless of baseline HCV RNA levels. The doses of RBV in all subjects were adjusted according to body weight (1000 - 1200 mg based on body weight below or over 75 kg in genotype 1 and 800 mg in genotype 3).
7
HCV Genotype-Guided Treatment with SOF-based Regimens
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Patients infected with HCV genotype (GT) 3, regardless of underlying cirrhosis, were treated with sofosbuvir (SOF; MyHep®, Mylan Laboratories Limited) plus pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN; Pegasys®, Roche Pharmaceuticals, or PegIntron®, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.), weight-based ribavirin (RBV; Copegus®, Roche Pharmaceuticals, or Rebetol®, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.), and triple-drug therapy (SOF + Peg-IFN + RBV) for 12 weeks.
Patients infected with HCV GT1, GT2, GT4, or GT6 without cirrhosis were treated with a fixed-dose combination of SOF + Ledipasvir (SOF + LDV) in a single tablet (Ledvir®, Mylan Laboratories Limited) for 12 weeks, whereas those with cirrhosis were treated with SOF + LDV plus weight-based RBV (SOF + LDV + RBV) for 12 weeks.
Patients infected with HCV GT1, GT2, GT4, or GT6 without cirrhosis were treated with a fixed-dose combination of SOF + Ledipasvir (SOF + LDV) in a single tablet (Ledvir®, Mylan Laboratories Limited) for 12 weeks, whereas those with cirrhosis were treated with SOF + LDV plus weight-based RBV (SOF + LDV + RBV) for 12 weeks.
8
Peginterferon and Ribavirin Therapy for HCV
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We administered 180 μg peginterferon α-2a (Pegasys; Roche Pharma AG, Reinach, Switzerland) weekly regardless of body weight or 1.5 μg/kg peginterferon α-2b (Pegintron; Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) weekly, in combination with 1,000 or 1,200 mg/day ribavirin (body weight ≤75 kg or >75 kg, respectively) for 48 weeks to patients with HCV genotype 1, and 800 mg/day ribavirin regardless of body weight for 24 weeks to patients with non-1 HCV genotypes. Peginterferon α-2a was used in 43.1% (131/304) and peginterferon α-2b in 57% (173/304) of patients. The type of peginterferon to be used was just determined by the judgement of attending physician.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of HA-IFNα Conjugate
10
Combination Therapy for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
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Initial therapy was PEG‐IFNα2a (Pegasys®; Genentech (Roche), South San Francisco, CA, USA) 45 μg or PEG‐IFNα2b (PegIntron®; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Hertfordshire, UK) 35 μg once weekly subcutaneously and ruxolitinib (Jakavi®; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) 20 mg BID orally, the ruxolitinib dose being dependent on the platelet count. The doses and dose schedules were modified based on toxicity or lack of efficacy. If needed, patients were phlebotomized to reach the target hematocrit of <0.45 (males) or <0.42 (females). All patients received aspirin 75 mg daily unless contraindicated. Baseline investigations and initiation of CT were preceded by a wash‐out period of seven days from discontinuation of previous MPN‐directed therapy.
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