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32 protocols using merlin field emission sem

1

Contact Angle and Water Vapor Permeation Analyses

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The sessile drop contact angle measurement was performed through the Drop Shape Analyzer. Tested polymer films were carefully cleaned before the tests because contact angles are extremely sensitive to contamination. At least five drops were analyzed for each liquid to obtain an average contact angle value. The WVTR of SEBS was tested with a water vapor permeation analyzer at the RH of 50%. Measurements at different temperatures from 15° to 45°C were carried out to extract the activation energy of water vapor permeation for SEBS. SEM was performed on a Zeiss Merlin field emission SEM with an acceleration voltage of 3 or 4 kV using the In-Lens detector and Analytic Column Mode. The fiber samples for SEM characterizations were prepared by immersing them into liquid nitrogen for 1 min, followed by an immediate cutting at room temperature. Before characterization, the samples were coated with 10- and 5-nm Au film, respectively. The effective length of the fiber sample for the in situ tensile testing in SEM was 12 mm, and the maximum extension was 8 mm.
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2

Multi-modal Microscopy Characterization

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XRM was performed using Xradia 510 Versa (Carl Zeiss Microscopy). XRM tilt series were collected at 35–60 kV. Standard TEM imaging was done using JEOL JEM-1200 operated at 80 kV, and FEI Titan 80–300 CTWIN STEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated at 300 kV was used to collect tilt series images for EM tomography by recording images with a 4 K × 4 K charge-coupled device camera (16 bits per pixel). Tomographic reconstruction and the generation of three-dimensional geometric models were carried out using IMOD suite (Boulder Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO). SEM images of sections mounted on silicon wafers were collected using Merlin field emission SEM (Carl Zeiss Microscopy) at 2.0 kV accelerating voltage using backscattered electrons.
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3

3D Printed Electrode Characterization

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All electrochemical measurements were performed on a Gamry electrochemical workstation (Gamry Reference 600, Gamry Instruments, USA). Cyclic voltammetry was applied with a triangle waveform of −0.2 – 0.6 V, with a scan rate of 200 mV/s. Differential pulse voltammetry was applied from 0 to 0.6 V, with amplitude of 0.05 V, pulse width of 0.05 s, sample width of 0.02 s and pulse period of 0.5 s. A commercial universal screen printed electrode cable connector (Metrohm USA Inc, FL) is used to connect the electrochemical workstation and the 3D printed electrodes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken on Merlin field emission SEM (Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) with a secondary electron detector using an accelerating voltage of 2 kV and a working distance of 5.0 mm.
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4

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis

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The samples were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). After drying, the specimens were mounted on aluminium stubs, carbon coated and viewed under a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss MERLIN Field Emission SEM, Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany). Scanning electron micrographs of the different material microstructural components 2 K X magnification taken in secondary electron mode at a working distance of 15 mm were captured. Energy dispersive spectroscopy of the different phases to investigate the elemental analyses was carried out.
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5

Subcutaneous Implant Tissue Analysis

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Three other rats also received subcutaneous implantation of MTA. After the 3-month interval the tissues in contact with the material were fixed, dried with ascending grades of ethanol, critically point dried, sectioned transversely and were then mounted on an aluminium stub and coated with gold. The tissues were viewed under the scanning electron microscope (Zeiss MERLIN Field Emission SEM, Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany) at low magnification in order to visualize the skin and subcutaneous layer. Elemental maps for calcium, silicon and bismuth were acquired.
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6

Bacterial Preparation and SEM Imaging

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Bacteria were grown and concentrated in liquid broth, washed 3 times with distilled water for 10 min each, and fixed with 1% osmium in distilled water overnight. After washing off fixative with ddH2O (3 times for 30 min), bacteria were settled on coverslips covered with poly-L-lysine for 1 h. After settling, samples were dehydrated with increasing concentration of ethanol for 10 min each (70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100% twice) and dried with Leica EM CPD 300 Critical Point Dryer. Dried samples were glued on sample stubs with silver glue and coated with iridium (layer thickness: 5 nm) using Edwards S150A Dual Carbon/Sputter Coater. The samples were examined with Carl Zeiss Merlin Field Emission SEM operating with 4 kV and 150 pA at 20,000x and 50,000x magnification. Micrographs were recorded with SmartSEM V.5.05 software.
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7

SEM Imaging of Samples

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The morphology of samples was photographed by SEM (Zeiss MERLIN Field Emission SEM, Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany). Sample was placed on a metal plate and coated with platinum for 60 s after drying. The samples were observed at a voltage of 5 kV.
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8

Retinal and Astrocyte Volume Acquisition

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SBEM data was collected with a 3View unit (Gatan, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA) installed on a Merlin field emission SEM (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany). The retinal volume was collected at 2.0 kV accelerating voltage, with a raster size of 19k × 39k and pixel dwell time of 0.5 µsec. The pixel size was 5.7 nm and section thickness was 70 nm. The astrocyte volume was collected at 2.0 kV, with a raster of 20k × 20k and pixel dwell time of 1.0 µsec. The pixel size was 4.5 nm and section thickness was 90 nm.
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9

Microstructural Analysis of Cast Films

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The microstructure of the selected cast films was observed and obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) including surface and cross-section morphology (Zeiss MERLIN Field Emission SEM, Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany).
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10

Characterization of Aged Lithium-Ion Electrodes

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After the EOL cycle had reached each test condition, all cells were dissembled inside an argon-filled glovebox in the discharged cutoff voltage state for each test condition (oxygen and moisture content <1 ppm). The electrodes were rinsed carefully with dimethyl carbonate and dried inside an argon-filled glovebox for 24 h. The crystal structure of the aged graphite and LFP electrodes was studied using a Rigaku XRD instrument (Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.5418 Å, scattering angles of 20–40° and step size of 0.5°). 2D Raman mapping of the electrodes was recorded at room temperature on a Horiba Jobin Yvon Lab RAM HR-800 system (argon laser of excitation wavelength 532 nm). The acquisition time was 1h, and the spectral resolution was 1 cm−1. The digital photographs were taken using a high-quality digital camera. The morphology of the samples was characterized using a Zeiss Merlin field emission SEM (accelerating voltage of 20 kV, working distance 8 mm) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) unit.
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