Pf 06651600

TRAF6‐specific inhibitor 6877002 (IC₅₀ 15.9 μm),⁸⁸ NF‐κB‐specific inhibitor JSH‐23 (IC₅₀ 7.1 μm)⁸⁹ and JAK3‐specific inhibitor PF‐06651600 (IC₅₀ 33.1 nm)⁹⁰ were dissolved in DMSO and deionised water (all from Sigma‐Aldrich), respectively, and sterile filtered using a 0.22 μm mixed cellulose ester membrane filter (Merck, Burlington, VT, USA). Final DMSO concentrations did not exceed 0.3% (v/v) in cell culture experiments.

To induce the asthma model in Figs. 1 and 7, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg of OVA (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) and 2 mg of alum adjuvant (Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA, USA). A week later, 50 μg of OVA with or without 250 ng of recombinant mouse IL-33 (BioLegend, CA, USA) was inoculated via intratracheal injection on the indicated days (Figs. 1A and 7A). The asthma model used in Fig. 2 was generated by intratracheal inoculation of 250 ng of IL-33 and 100 ng of TSLP (R&D Systems, MN, USA). To test the steroid resistance of all models, the mice were treated with 5 mg/kg Dex (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) via intraperitoneal injection. The asthma models used in Fig. 6 and figs. S7 and S8 were generated by intratracheal inoculation of 10 μg of A. alternata extract (Greer, NC, USA). In Fig. 6, we adoptively transferred 3 × 10⁵ ILC2s treated with rmIL-2/7/33 alone or in combination with a JAK3 inhibitor (JAK3i) into Rag2^−/−γc^−/− mice. Subsequently, we induced an asthma model in these mice by injecting Alternaria extract (Fig. 6J). In some experiments, the mouse models in Figs. 6 and 7 and fig. S8 were inoculated with JAK3-selective inhibitor (10 mg/kg, PF06651600; Sigma-Aldrich) via intragastric injection.