Acetonitrile acn

Mueller-Hinton, Agar SPC, E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 were obtained from ATCC, USA. Rink amide resin, Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-β-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, 6-(Fmoc-amino)hexanoic acid (Fmoc-Ahx-OH), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), and N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) were purchased from AAPPTec (Louisville, KY, USA). N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), triisopropylsilane (TIPS), 1,2-Ethanedithiol (EDT), 4-methyl-piperidine, pyridine, ninhydrin, phenol, and KCN were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), absolute ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), acetonitrile (ACN), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained from Honeywell-Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, Michigan, USA). All reagents were used without further purification.

The standards, glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, fructose, cellobiose, HMF, furfural (Fur), levulinic acid (LA), and formic acid (FA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and TCI (Japan) (>98% purity). Acetonitrile (ACN), ethanol, TFA and formic acid for HPLC and LC-MS grade were purchased from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson. The ultrapure water used in this work was produced by a Millipore MilliQ system. Pretreated OFPEB (high-purity cellulose >85%) was obtained from two-step treatment with peracetic acid (PA) and alkaline peroxide (AP).^{40 (link)}

The PAH4 standards, including BaA (CAS No. 56-55-3), CHR (CAS No. 218-01-9), BbF (CAS No. 205-99-2), and BaP (CAS No. 50-32-8), and 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS No. 56-49-5) used as an internal standard (IS) were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). All reagents were analytical grade, and the water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA) (CAS No. 7732-18-5). Acetonitrile (ACN) (CAS No. 75-05-8), ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5), n-hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3), and dichloromethane (DCM) (CAS No. 75-09-2) were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (CAS No. 1310-58-3) was used for saponification. Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (CAS No. 7757-82-6) was used for dehydration and purchased from Junsei (Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Sep-Pak Florisil cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were used for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and purification processes. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters (0.45 μm) were obtained from Agela Technologies (Wilmington, DE, USA).

The sulfonamide analytical standards (sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPD), sulfadimethoxine (SDMX), sulfapyridine (SP), sulfamethazine (SMZ)), and trimethoprim (TMP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All analytical standards had a purity greater than 99.0%. Primary secondary amine (PSA) was obtained from United Chemical Technologies, Inc. (UCT Inc., Bristol, PA, USA), and formic acid (98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate was supplied by J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA) and sodium acetate trihydrate from Spectrum Chemical Mfg., Corp. (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA) and J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, US), respectively. All solvents were of HPLC grade, and all reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra-pure deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Plus water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Filtration of the aqueous mobile phase was performed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were used for organic mobile-phase filtration, both with 0.22 µm pore size obtained from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).

The PAH4 standards benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, CAS No. 50-32-8), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF, CAS No. 205-99-2), chrysene (CHR, CAS No. 218-01-9), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA, CAS No. 56-55-3) and internal standards (IS) 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS No. 56-49-5), chrysene-d12 (CAS No. 1719-03-5), and benzo[a]pyrene-d12 (CAS No. 63466-71-7) were obtained from Supelco, Inc. (Bellefonte, PA, USA). All materials and chemicals were of GC and HPLC analytical grade. Acetonitrile (ACN) (CAS No. 75-05-8), dichloromethane (DCM) (CAS No. 75-09-2), methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1), and hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3) were obtained from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na₂SO₄) (CAS No. 7757-82-6) 99% w/w purity; (Samchun Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) was used for dehydration. Distilled water (CAS No. 7732-18-5) and N,N-dimethylformamide (CAS No. 68-12-2) were prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Kovax syringes (3 mL) were obtained from Korea Vaccine Co., Ltd. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters (0.45 mm) were purchased from Advantec Co., Ltd. (Chiyoda City, Japan). Sep-Pak Florisil cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were utilized for solid-phase extraction (SPE).