Eif2s1

Primary antibodies employed in this study were EIF2S1 (ser51) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab32157), EIF2S1 (Abcam, ab26197), α-tubulin (Sigma, T6074), GAPDH (Sigma, G8795), BiP (BT-GB-143S, Babraham Bioscience Technologies, Cambridge, UK), TH (22941, Immunostar, Hudson, WI, USA), Puromycin (Millipore, MABE343), dMfn (a gift from A. Whitworth, MRC, Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium with Hams F-12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/F12, 1:1) was purchased from Hyclone (South Logan, UT, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from ZETA Life (Menlo Park, CA, USA). The antibody against β-actin was purchased from Tianjin Sungene Biotechnology Inc. (Tianjin, China). The antibodies against ATF-6, P-IRE1α, EIF2S1, P-EIF2S1, ATF-4, GRP78, and LC3I/II were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The antibody against caspase-3 was obtained from Abclonal (Wuhan, China). Antibodies against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Bax were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). Likewise, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The LDH cytotoxicity assay kit was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).