The COOH terminated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer (Resomer RG 502 H, Evonik, Essen, Germany) with a ratio of LA:GA of 50:50 and a molar mass of 7–17 kDa was chosen for formulation. The inhibitor BRP-187 was synthesized according to a published procedure (Figure SI 1 in the Supplementary Materials ) [12 (link)]. The solvents—acetone (Ac), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (ACN), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as well as the partially hydrolyzed PVA (Mowiol 4-88, DH 88.0%), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany. Lugol solution was purchased from Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Resomer rg 502h
Manufactured by Evonik
Sourced in Germany
Resomer® RG 502H is a biodegradable polyester material used in the manufacture of medical devices. It is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. The material is designed to be biocompatible and to degrade over time within the body.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium phosphate monobasic, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Human serum albumin (hsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lugol solution, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Resomer rg 502, by Boehringer Ingelheim (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran thf, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions)
Methyl alcohol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions)
Labscan, by RCI Labscan (1 mentions)
Span 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by RWD Life Science (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane dcm, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
22 protocols using resomer rg 502h
1
Optimizing PLGA-based Drug Delivery
2
Polymer-based Encapsulation of Lipid Mediators
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Ethyl acetate (≥ 99.5%, p.a., ISO) was purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Resomer® RG 502 (RG 502, ester terminated, MW 7,000–17,000 g/mol, 50:50 lactide:glycolide ratio) was a kind gift from Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany). Resomer® RG 502H (RG 502H, acid terminated, Mw 7,000–17,000 g/mol) was purchased from Evonik (Essen, Germany). Deuterium-labelled and non-labelled LM standards for UPLC-MS–MS quantification were obtained from Cayman Chemical/Biomol (Hamburg, Germany). 6BIGOE was synthesized as reported before [68 (link)]. Solvents and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany) unless mentioned otherwise.
3
Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles
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β-carotene (purity > 97%) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) K15, K30, and K90 were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industries (Tokyo, Japan). PLGA (50:50, Mw 7000–17,000, Resomer® RG 502H) was obtained from Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany). Poly (vinyl alcohol) (Mw 9000–10,000, 80% hydrolyzed) and sodium phosphate monobasic were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetone was acquired from Echo Chemical Co. (Miaoli County, Taiwan). HPLC-grade acetonitrile was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, NJ, USA). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and methyl alcohol were purchased from Duksan (Ansan, South Korea).
4
Risedronate-loaded PLGA Microparticles
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All chemicals and solvents were used as received without further purification: poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (50:50) MW ca. 7-17 kDa (Resomer ® RG 502 H, Evonik Industries, Germany), sorbitan monooleate (Span ® 80, Sigma, UK), liquid paraffin (mineral oil, Chemie, Germany), risedronate sodium was a gift from Hikma Pharmaceuticals (Amman, Jordan), acetone 99.5%, and n-hexane 95% (Rci Labscan, Thailand).
5
Formulation and Characterization of PLGA-Based ABMs
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AB was purchased from Nanjing Zhicui Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), including Resomer® 5050 MN2300, Resomer® 5050 1A, Resomer® 5050 2.5A, Resomer® RG 502H, and Resomer® 7525 5A, were all provided by Evonik Industries (Shanghai, China). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was purchased from Mitsubishi Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Dichloromethane (DCM) was obtained from Sino Pharm (Beijing, China). Mannitol was purchased from Roquette (Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China). Aripiprazole-D8 solution (100 μg/mL) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Round Rock, TX, USA). Sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC-Na) was purchased from Ashland China (Nanjing, China). Injectable grade Tween 80 was obtained from Nanjing Weier Pharmaceutical (Nanjing, China). Solvents of HPLC grade (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) were from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Isoflurane was from RWD Life Science (Shenzhen, Guangdong, China). ethanol (75%) was from Realcan (Yantai, Shandong, China). Cis-platinum diamine-dichloride (DDP) injection was kindly gifted from The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College (Zhuhai, Guangdong, China). The solvent for ABMs was prepared by containing 1.125% (w/v) CMC-Na, 0.8% (w/v) Mannitol, and 0.075% (w/v) Tween 80 in injectable water.
6
Vancomycin-loaded PLGA-Chitosan Nanoparticles
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Vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN) was purchased from Guangzhou Greensyn Pharma Co, Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Evonik (Darmstadt, Germany) was the supplier of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer® RG 502 H, L/G ratio 50/50, acid-terminated, Mw 7000–17,000 Da, inherent viscosity 0.16–0.24 dL/g in chloroform at 25 °C). Chitosan (from shrimp shells, low viscosity (20–200 mPas, c = 1 wt% in 1% acetic acid)) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Poloxamer 407 (P407), a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer, was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Sorbitan monooleate (Span™ 80) was purchased from Croda (Barcelona, Spain). Dichloromethane (DCM) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Other materials were of analytical grade.
7
Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate-based Nanoparticles
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The nanoparticles were prepared and functionalized as described previously.9 In brief, single shell CaP/siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing equal amounts of an aqueous solution of calcium-L-lactate (6.25 mM) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (3.74 mM). After mixing, the calcium phosphate dispersion was mixed with solutions of either functional siRNA, scrambled siRNA (GE healthcare life sciences, Chalfont St. Giles, UK), or fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotides (Life technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) (4 mg mL−1). To encapsulate the calcium phosphate nanoparticles into the biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (Resomer® RG 502 H, Evonik Industries, Darmstadt, Germany), a water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion solvent evaporation method was applied. The dispersed polyvinylalcohol (PVA)-coated nanoparticles were purified by centrifugation, shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized. The freeze-dried particles were resuspended in a solution of aqueous PEI (2 mg mL−1 branched 25kD, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) at a ratio (w/w) of 1:2 to obtain the final nanoparticle structure. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (ESEM Quanta 400) after sputtering with gold–palladium. Dynamic light scattering was performed with a Zetasizer nanoseries instrument (Nano-ZS Malvern, laser wavelength λ = 532 nm).
8
Synthesis of Fluorescent PLGA Polymer
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Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (Resomer RG 502 H, copolymer composition of 50:50, 7–17 kDa, acid terminated) was purchased from Evonik Industries (Germany). Partially hydrolyzed PVA (Mowiol 4–88), acetone (> 99%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO > 99%, spectroscopic grade) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). The dye DY635 was purchased from Dyomics (Jena, Germany). The covalent coupling of PLGA polymer with the dye DY635 amine was performed according to a standard procedure with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and was provided by SmartDyeLivery (Jena, Germany). The acetalation of dextran was done according to an adapted procedure (Mw of parent dextran 60 kDa), degree of substitution (DS) 2.97 (DScyclic acetal = 1.98, DSacyclic acetal = 0.99) [19 (link)]. BRP-187 was synthesized according to an established protocol [42 (link)]. Deuterated and non-deuterated lipid mediator standards for UPLC-MS–MS quantification were purchased from Cayman Chemical/Biomol (Germany). For further materials, see specific experimental section.
9
Ivacaftor-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
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Ivacaftor was purchased from Matrix Scientific (Columbia, SC). Poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA, Resomer® RG 503 H, MW= 24,000 – 38,000, viscosity= 0.32–0.44 dL/g in chloroform and Resomer® RG 502 H, MW = 7,000 – 17,000, viscosity = 0.16–0.24 dL/g in chloroform) were purchased from Evonik (Parsippany, NJ). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Mowiol 8–88, M.Wt 67,000), screw-capped dialysis tube (Spectra/PorTM Float-A-LyzerTM G2, MWCO 50 kDa), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Tween® 80, methylene chloride (dichloromethane, DCM), and acetonitrile were obtained from Fisher Chemicals (Waltham, MA). Balb C Mouse plasma (Na Heparin) was obtained from Innovative research, Inc., (Novi, MI). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical or HPLC grade.
10
Buprenorphine-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
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Buprenorphine HCl (BUP) EP/USP grade was purchased from Macfarlan Smith Limited (Edinburgh, United Kingdom). Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine-D4 (BUP-D4) standards in methanol (1 mg/mL) were obtained from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX). Different types of PLGA 50:50 (Resomer RG 502, inherent viscosity (IV) = 0.20–0.22 dL/g), Resomer RG 502 H, IV = 0.20–0.22 dL/g, Resomer 503 H, IV = 0.38 dL/g) were purchased from Evonik (Essen, Germany). Polyvinylalcohol (PVA; Mw ≈67,000; 86.7–88.7 mol % hydrolysis), tris buffer and sucrose were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). N,N-Dimethylformamide (analytical grade), dichloromethane (HPLC grade), methanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (MS grade), ammonium acetate (analytical grade) and sodiumlaurylsulfate (SDS) were obtained from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). HEPES was purchased from PanReac Apllichem (Darmstadt, Germany), sodium chloride (NaCl) analytical grade, formic acid and acetic acid (glacial) analytical grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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