Magnesium sulfate mgso4

The basic substrates i.e., tangential veneers of two species one under the low-density category (i.e., Ailanthus wood density—330–435 kg m⁻³) and the other a medium density timber (i.e., Rubberwood density—density 560–640 kg m⁻³) were collected from the plywood and matchwood industries of Kerala, India. The chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (SD fine-chemicals limited), disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (HiMedia), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) (Fischer scientific), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (SD fine-chemicals limited) were used in the lignin modification of wood. A type of commercially available unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) named as ‘Roof Light’ (chiefly consisting of a combination of phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol, and methyl methacrylate crosslinked or diluted with styrene monomers in the ratio 60:40), methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) initiator and cobalt octoate (Co. Oct.) accelerator were supplied by Annapurna agencies, Bangalore. Based on the repeated trial and error experiments, a formulation consisting of 0.5% Co. Oct. and 0.25% MEKP in 100 gm of resin was found to be ideal for TW preparation and processing.

HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile, analytical reagent grade methanol, ethyl acetate, formic acid (99%), and dimethyl sulfoxide (99.9% DMSO) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Kandel, Germany). Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Potato dextrose broth (PDB) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Basingstoke, UK). Ultrapure water (<18 MW/cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
Aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), (Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (99%), hydrazine monohydrate (99%), trifluoroacetic anhydride (99%), p-anisidine (99%), cesium fluoride (99%), 10% Pd/C, charcoal, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Alfa–Aesar. Aniline (99.5%), sodium borohydride (98%), boron tribromide (99.9%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), paraformaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, 1,4-dioxane, and phenol (99%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. 4-(Bis(4-aminophenyl)amino)phenol (TPA–2NH₂–OH) and TPA–BZ DG1 were prepared according to the literature.^{41 (link)}

Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) HPLC grade were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm⁻¹) was obtained using a Milli-Q SP® Reagent Water System (Millipore Corporation Bedford, USA). Ammonium formate (99%) was supplied by Panreac Quimica S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain) and formic acid (reagent grade ≥ 95%) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents were filtered through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter supplied by Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain) before use. Salts for QuEChERS extraction: sodium chloride (NaCl) was obtained from VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium), Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), anhydrous 99.5% min powder was supplied by Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany) and Octadecyl C18 sorbent was acquired from Phenomenex (Madrid, Spain). Before injection, samples were filtered through a nylon filter (13 mm/0.22 μm) from Membrane Solutions (TX, USA). Mycotoxins standards (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁, AFG₂, ZEA, OTA, ENNA, ENNA₁, ENNB, ENNB₁ and BEA) were supplied by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Individual stock solutions of each mycotoxin were prepared in MeOH at concentration of 100 mg/l. The working solutions were prepared from these individual stock solutions. All prepared solutions were stored in darkness at − 20 °C until the analysis.

Bisphenol A and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) were purchased from Alfa-Aesar. Ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, aniline, allylamine, and paraformaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The synthesis method for DDSQ-BZ was previously described [57 (link)]. The epoxy resin (BADGE) was obtained from Dow Chemical, with an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of 190 g/eq.