Tetramethylammonium hydroxide

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is a chemical compound used as a reagent in various laboratory applications. It is a clear, colorless solution with a strong, alkaline odor. The core function of tetramethylammonium hydroxide is to act as a source of hydroxide ions, which can be used in various chemical reactions and analyses.

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Lab products found in correlation

8 protocols using tetramethylammonium hydroxide

Detailed Characterization of Electrochemical Reagents

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Example 1

Dowex 50WX4, zinc acetate dihydrate and tetramethylammonium hydroxide were purchased from Acros organics. Bromoacetic acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, calcium chloride and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Vanadyl bis-acetylacetonate and ferrocene were purchased from Strem chemicals and 2-propanol and dimethylsulfoxide were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All reagents and solvents were used without purification except DMSO, which was distilled over 4 A molecular sieves and degassed, and ferrocene, which was sublimated prior to use in electrochemical experiments. Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate was purchased from Alfa Aesar, recrystallized 3× from ethanol and water, and dried at 55° C. under vacuum prior to use in electrochemical experiments. Tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate was purchased from Alfa Aesar, recrystallized 3×, from water and dried at 55° C. under vacuum before use.

Infrared Spectroscopy was performed with a ThermoFisher is5 using an ATR attachment. UV-vis spectra were measured using a ThermoFisher Evolution 220 spectrometer. Static cell electrochemical experiments and cyclic voltammetry was carried using a Princeton Applied Research Versastat 3 potentiostat. X-ray crystallography was carried out with a Bruker D8 Venture X-ray instrument. NMR spectroscopy was carried out using a 400 MHz Bruker Advance III spectrometer.

US11267830B2. Flow battery and components thereof (2022-03-08). University of Massachusetts [US]. Inventors: Patrick J. Cappillino [US], Ertan Agar [US], Haobo Huang [US].

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Synthesis and Characterization of Oxazoline Polymers

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Maleic anhydride (99%, Bernd Kraft), furan (99%, Acros), ethanolamine (99%, Acros), 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (99%, Acros), 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (97%, Sigma-Aldrich), pyridine (99%, Roth), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (25 wt% in methanol, Acros), bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma), toluene (Fisher), petroleum ether (Acros), ethanol (99.8%, Acros), acetone (Fisher), tetrahydrofuran (THF; VWR), diethyl ether (99.5%, Roth), and dichloromethane (DCM; VWR) were used as received. Acetonitrile (MeCN; Sigma-Aldrich) was dried in a solvent purification system (JC Meyer) before use as a polymerization solvent. 2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx; Aldrich) was distilled over barium oxide and stored under argon.

Gil Alvaradejo G., Glassner M., Hoogenboom R, & Delaittre G. (2018). Maleimide end-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s by the functional initiator route: synthesis and (bio)conjugation. RSC Advances, 8(17), 9471-9479.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Hybrids

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Zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O, >98%, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), phosphoric acid (85%, Fisher, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), propylamine (PA; 99%, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMA; 25% in water, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEA; 25% in water, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPA, 25% in water, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide (TBA; 1.0 M in methanol, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (97%, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer (average molecular weight 2000–300,000 Da, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as received without further purification. N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantylammonium hydroxide (TriMAA, 20% in water, grade ZeoGen™ SDA2820) was acquired from SACHEM (Austin, TX, USA).

Ding H., Khan S.T., Liu J, & Sun L. (2021). Gelation Based on Host–Guest Interactions Induced by Multi-Functionalized Nanosheets. Gels, 7(3), 106.

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Iodine Determination Using ICP-MS

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Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (electronic grade, purity > 99.9999%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). High purity 2-propanol (Optima LC-MS grade) was obtained from ThermoFisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Triton X-100 was from Lab Chem Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Iodine, tellurium, antimony and rhodium standards were prepared gravimetrically from 10 mg g⁻¹ stock solutions (Inorganic Ventures, Christiansburg, VA, USA). All solutions were prepared using distilled deionised water (MilliQ Element, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
Iodine extractions were performed using a DigiPrep hotblock (SCP Science, Champlain, NY, USA). The extracts were analysed on a magnetic sector ICP-MS (ThermoElectron, West Palm Beach, FL, USA) in low resolution (m/Δm = 300) equipped with 20 ml miniature cyclonic spray chamber (Meinhard Inc., Golden, CO, USA), PFA-ST nebuliser and a SC-E4 DXS autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., Omaha, NE, USA). Solution was transferred to the ICP-MS using a 0.381 mm i.d. peristaltic pump tubing (Meinhard Inc., Golden, CO, USA).

Todorov T.I, & Gray P.J. (2016). Analysis of iodine in food samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 33(2), 282-290.

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Hybrid Plastic Synthesis with Rare-Earth Complexes

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Trisilanolisobutyl-POSS (Hybrid Plastic,
USA), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (25% in mEthanol, Alfa Aesar),
and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (98%, Alfa Aesar) were purchased.
Salicylaldehyde (98%), anhydrous erbium chloride (99.9%), anhydrous
terbium chloride (99.9%), and anhydrous samarium chloride (99.9%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and used without
further purification. Ethanol (HPLC grade, J. T. Baker, Gdańsk,
Poland), mEthanol (HPLC grade, J. T. Baker, Gdańsk, Poland),
acetonitrile (HPLC grade, J. T. Baker, Gdańsk, Poland), toluene
(HPLC grade, J. T. Baker, Gdańsk, Poland), and tetrahydrofuran
(Chempur) were purchased. All solvents, except mEthanol and acetonitrile,
were used with further purification. Tetrahydrofuran and toluene were
purified by distillation with sodium wires, and Ethanol was purified
with metallic magnesium.

Wytrych P., Utko J., Stefanski M., Kłak J., Lis T, & John Ł. (2023). Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical and Magnetic Properties of Samarium, Terbium, and Erbium Coordination Entities Containing Mono-Substituted Imine Silsesquioxane Ligands. Inorganic Chemistry, 62(6), 2913-2923.

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Synthesis of Stearate-based Nanomaterials

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Zinc stearate (Zn(St)₂), magnesium stearate (Mg(St)₂), 1-octadecanol (ODA, 97%), methyl stearate (MSt, 99%), myristic acid (HMy, 98%), decanoic acid (HDe, 99%) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 1-octadecene (ODE, tech 90%) was purchased from Acros Organics. Stearic acid (HSt, 97%) and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 98%) were purchased from Aldrich. Ethyl acetate, toluene, chloroform, hexane, ethanol and methanol were analytical grade reagents purchased from Sinopharm Chemical. All chemicals were used as received.

Zhang N., Wang X., Ye Z, & Jin Y. (2014). A quantitative study of chemical kinetics for the synthesis of doped oxide nanocrystals using FTIR. Scientific Reports, 4, 4353.

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Synthesizing Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Co-precipitation

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Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the co-precipitation method as described by Mérida et al23 (link) Briefly, deionized water was degassed with nitrogen for 30 minutes and an aqueous solution of iron (II) and iron (III) salts was prepared using a molar ratio Fe³⁺:Fe²⁺ of 2:1. The iron solution was sonicated and degassed, and the reaction was heated to 85°C, followed by the addition of ammonium hydroxide (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The reaction was kept at 85°C for 1 hour, and the pH was maintained between 8 and 9 by adding small aliquots of NH₄OH as needed. The resultant iron oxide solution was cooled at room temperature (RT) and peptized using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA, USA).
To coat the particle with poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), oleic acid (OA, 90%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was adsorbed onto the particles by adding 15 g OA/g SPIONs, followed by ultrasonication (Q700, Qsonica Sonicators, Newtown, CT, USA) for 15 minutes. The mixture was heated to 50°C and allowed to react for 2 hours. SPIONs were precipitated using twice the volume of ethanol (200 proof, Decon Labs, King of Prussia, PA, USA) and magnetically decanted to recover the particles, followed by suspension in toluene (>98%, Sigma-Aldrich).

Rivera-Rodriguez A., Chiu-Lam A., Morozov V.M., Ishov A.M, & Rinaldi C. (2018). Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia potentiates paclitaxel activity in sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 4771-4779.

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Trace Element Analysis in Biological Samples

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The analysis of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) levels in the studied samples was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer Inc., Shelton, CT, USA) equipped with a 7-port FAST valve and ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., Omaha, NE, USA). External calibration of the ICP-MS system was performed with 0.5, 5, 10 and 50 μg/L solutions of the studied elements. Calibration solutions were prepared from the Universal Data Acquisition Standards Kit (PerkinElmer Inc., Shelton, CT, USA). Internal on-line standardization was performed using 10 μg/L solutions of yttrium-89 and rhodium-103. The solutions were prepared from commercially available Yttrium (Y) and Rhodium (Rh) Pure Single-Element Standard (PerkinElmer Inc. Shelton, CT, USA) on a matrix containing 1-butanol 8% (Merck KGaA, Gernsheim, Germany), Triton X-100 0.8% (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), tetramethylammonium hydroxide 0.02% (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 0.02% (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). The results of serum analysis were expressed as µg/mL for all elements except V (ng/mL). Data on hair and urinary trace element and mineral content are provided for all elements as µg/g and µg/mL, respectively.

Tinkov A.A., Bogdański P., Skrypnik D., Skrypnik K., Skalny A.V., Aaseth J., Skalnaya M.G, & Suliburska J. (2021). Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Serum, Hair, and Urine of Obese Women in Relation to Body Composition, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules, 11(5), 689.

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