Lead 2 iodide pbi2

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Lead(II) iodide (PbI2) is a chemical compound commonly used in scientific research and laboratory applications. It is a yellow crystalline solid with the molecular formula PbI2. The core function of Lead(II) iodide is to serve as a precursor or reactant in various chemical reactions and processes conducted in laboratory settings.

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Lead iodide (19 citations) Lead (II) iodide (14 citations) Lead iodide (PbI2) (12 citations)

8 protocols using lead 2 iodide pbi2

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Fluorine doped tin oxide (SnO₂:F) glass substrate (>7 Ω/sq sheet resistance) was purchase from Solaronix. The Nb target (99.9 %) was provided by Brazilian Metallurgy and Mining Company (CBMM). Lead (II) iodide (PbI₂-99.998%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Spiro-MeOTAD (99%), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium salt (≥99.0%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (96%), ethanol, acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%) and chlorobenzene (99.8%) from Sigma Aldrich. 2-propanol (max 0.005% H₂O) and N-N dimethylformamide (DMF- max 0.003% H₂O) from Merck. TiO₂ paste (DSL 30NR-D), FK 209 Co(III) TFSL salt and methylammonium iodide (CH₃NH₃I) from Dyesol. All chemicals were used as received, without purification.

Fernandes S.L., Albano L.G., Affonço L.J., da Silva J.H., Longo E, & Graeff C.F. (2019). Exploring the Properties of Niobium Oxide Films for Electron Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7, 50.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Bathocuproine (BCP), tetraphenylphosphonium
chloride (TPPCl), n-butyl alcohol, anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and ethanol
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead(II) iodide (PbI₂) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid
methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) was purchased from 1-Material Inc.
Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) and methylammonium
iodide (MAI) were purchased from Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Corp. All materials were used as received without further purification.

Qi J., Yao X., Xu W., Wu X., Jiang X., Gong X, & Cao Y. (2018). Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Photocurrent Hysteresis through Tuned Crystallinity of Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films. ACS Omega, 3(6), 7069-7076.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication Protocol

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Chemicals and materials were purchased from commercial vendors and are as follows: lead(II) bromide, PbBr₂, >98% purity, from Alfa Aesar; lead(II) iodide, PbI₂, 99.9985% purity, from Alfa Aesar; methylammonium bromide, CH₃NH₃Br (MABr), from Dyesol; methylammonium iodide, CH₃NH₃I, from Dyesol; cesium bromide, CsBr, 99.999% purity, from Sigma Aldrich; n-hexylammonium bromide, C₆H₁₃NH₃Br (HABr), from Dyesol; n-octylammonium bromide, C₈H₁₇NH₃Br (OABr), from Dyesol; n-butylammonium bromide, C₄H₉NH₃Br (BABr), from Dyesol; N,N-dimethylformamide, C₃H₇NO (DMF), anhydrous, 99.8% purity, from Sigma Aldrich; chlorobenzene, C₆H₅Cl (CB), anhydrous, 99.8% purity, from Sigma Aldrich; trimethylaluminum, C₃H₉Al (TMA), >98% purity, from Strem Chemicals; tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium(IV), [(CH₃)₂N]₄Zr (TDMAZ), >99.99% purity, electronic grade, from Sigma Aldrich; tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium(IV), C₈H₂₄N₄Ti (TDMAT), >99% purity, from Strem Chemicals; poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), average molecular weight 350,000, from Sigma Aldrich; ethyl acetate, C₄H₈O₂ (EtAc), anhydrous, 99.8%, from Sigma Aldrich.

Walters G., Wei M., Voznyy O., Quintero-Bermudez R., Kiani A., Smilgies D.M., Munir R., Amassian A., Hoogland S, & Sargent E. (2018). The quantum-confined Stark effect in layered hybrid perovskites mediated by orientational polarizability of confined dipoles. Nature Communications, 9, 4214.

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Lead Iodide Purification Protocol

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All the chemical reagents were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Lead (II) iodide (PbI₂, 99.9985%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA).

Saleem M.I., Chandrasekar P., Batool A, & Lee J.H. (2023). Aqueous-Phase Formation of Two-Dimensional PbI2 Nanoplates for High-Performance Self-Powered Photodetectors. Micromachines, 14(10), 1949.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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Formamidinium iodide (CH5NH2I, FAI) was purchased from Dyesol Ltd. (Queanbeyan, Australia). 2,2“,7,7”‐Tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp. (Taiwan). Lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.999%) and methylammonium chloride (CH3NH3Cl, MACl) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.9%), anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 99.9%), anhydrous chlorobenzene (99.8%), anhydrous 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME, 99.8%), anhydrous 2‐propanol (IPA, 99.5%), n‐octylammonium iodide, and 4‐methoxy‐phenethylammonium iodide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich or Alfa Aesar unless otherwise specified.

Shin S., Seo S., Jeong S., Sharbirin A.S., Kim J., Ahn H., Park N, & Shin H. (2023). Kinetic‐Controlled Crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 Inducing Preferred Crystallographic Orientation Enhances Photovoltaic Performance. Advanced Science, 10(14), 2300798.

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Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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All materials (organic and inorganic) used here were obtained from commercial sources and were used without any extra purification steps. The materials of anhydrous gamma-butyrolactone (GBL, 99%), anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99%), anhydrous chlorobenzene (CB, 99.9%), and nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O) (99.998%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 99.7%) and ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂, 99%) were purchased from Daejung. Lead (II) iodide (PbI₂, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar and the methyl-ammonium iodide (MAI, > 99%) used here was from Greatcell Solar. The suspension of ZnO NPs was purchased from Avantama (N-10). Other chemicals, specifically poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), were from H. C. Starck (Clevios PVP AI 4083). Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM₆₀) and bathocuproine (BCP, 98%) were purchased correspondingly from Nano-C and TCI.

Afzal A.M., Bae I.G., Aggarwal Y., Park J., Jeong H.R., Choi E.H, & Park B. (2021). Highly efficient self-powered perovskite photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport NiOx layer. Scientific Reports, 11, 169.

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Perovskite Thin Film Fabrication

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The perovskite (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) film was synthesized from a 1:1:1 molar ratio of 2.385 g methyl ammonium iodide (CH₃NH₃I) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 6.915 g lead (II) iodide (PbI₂) (99.9985%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA); and 1.063 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (>99.9%, anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), 9.484 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (>99.8%, anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.3 mL diethyl ether (>99.8%, anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich). The solution was stirred for one hour at room temperature and filtered using a 0.2 μm syringe filter (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA). The solution was then spin-coated onto substrate at 6000 rpm for 25 s and 0.6 mL diethyl ether was dripped onto the rotating surface 6 sec into spinning. Spin coating was carried out in an argon-filled glove box. Substrates were then placed on a hot plate at 50 °C for 30 min.

Handy K, & Tepper G.C. (2023). Incorporation of Poly(TFEMA) in Perovskite Thin Films Using a Supercritical Fluid. Molecules, 28(14), 5385.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Bathocuproine
(BCP), ammonium
metavanadate, cesium hydroxide monohydrate, anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), chlorobenzene, and ethanol
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead(II) iodide (PbI₂) was purchased from Alfa-Aesar. Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid
methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) was purchased from 1-Material Inc.
Methylammonium iodide (CH₃NH₃I) was purchased
from Xi’an Polymer Light Technology Corp. All materials are
used as received without further purification.

Yao X., Qi J., Xu W., Jiang X., Gong X, & Cao Y. (2018). Cesium-Doped Vanadium Oxide as the Hole Extraction Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega, 3(1), 1117-1125.

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