Bhi media

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gallic acid and tetracycline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Carbopol^® 940 was supplied by BF Goodrich (Cleveland, OH, USA). Propylene glycol and triethanolamine were supplied from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). Propionibacterium acnes (DMST 14916) was obtained from the Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Brain heart infusion (BHI) media were purchased from Himedia laboratories (Mumbai, India). Clindalin^® gel (clindamycin 1% gel, Union Drug Laboratories Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand) was purchased from a drugstore. Distilled and sterile water was used across the study. All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and used as received.
Andrographis paniculata and Centella asiatica leaves were collected as fresh herbs from the Krasaesin district, Songkhla, Thailand. The stem bark powder of Hesperethusa crenulata or Thanaka was obtained from the Thongphaphum district, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The Benchalokawichian remedy was purchased as the dried powder from the Thaprachan herb shop, Bangkok, Thailand.

Since the partial sequence of the putative self-antigen, MOSPD2 derived from S. agalactiae specific Lmb protein showed resemblance with the Lbp protein of S. pyogenes[1] (link), [43] (link), S. pyogenes was selected as a control bacteria model to study the effect of Lmb mimicked MOSPD2 self-peptide in the seminal plasma containing ASAs. Pure bacterial strain of S. pyogenes MTCC no. 1925 was obtained from Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH) Chandigarh, India. The bacteria were revived using BHI media (Hi Media) in 1.5% agar. Pure colonies were obtained after 24–32 ​h incubation at 37 ​°C in aerobic condition.

Curcumin I (purity ≥ 97%) and brain heart infusion (BHI) media were purchased from Himedia, India. Human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1), nisin, gramicidin D, calcein-AM (solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and propidium iodide (PI) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Glutaraldehyde was ordered from Merck, Germany. The stock concentration of curcumin I was made in DMSO, and the working concentrations were diluted in PBS for killing assays in such a way that the DMSO concentration remains <1%.