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Brefeldin a

Manufactured by Bio-Rad
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Brefeldin A is a chemical compound used in cell biology research. It is a fungal metabolite that disrupts the secretory pathway in eukaryotic cells by inhibiting the exchange of materials between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

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3 protocols using brefeldin a

1

Quantifying IFN-γ Production in T Cells

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For assaying IFNγ production, 4 × 105 PBMCs were stimulated for 5 h in the presence of 2 ng/mL PMA, 4 μg/mL Ca2+ ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich), and Brefeldin A (BD GolgiPlug; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) adapted from described stimulation conditions [32 (link)] or overnight with 40 μg/mL T. cruzi lysate at 37 °C. Brefeldin A was added 5 h prior to end of incubation, and the cells were stained with anti-CD8-Pacific Blue and anti-CD4-FITC (AbD Serotec, Raleigh, NC, USA) followed by intracellular staining with anti-bovine IFN-γ AF647 (AbD Serotec) according to the BD Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences). Samples were fixed in 2% formaldehyde prior to analysis by flow cytometry.
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2

Canine Vaccine IFNγ Response Assay

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For assaying IFNγ levels, 4×105 PBMCs were stimulated for 5hr in the presence of 2ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 4µg/mL Ca2+ ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich), and brefeldin A (BD GolgiPlug; BD Biosciences) (Pedersen et al., 2002 ). For polyclonal activation, PBMCs were plated with 15µg/mL anti-CD3 (AbD Serotec) or diluted whole vaccine antigens, incubated overnight at 37°C and brefeldin A added 5hr prior to end of incubation. Canine vaccines were IMRAB 3TF (Rabies; Merial, Athens, GA, USA), Duramune 5 (Canine distemper-Adenovirus Type 2-Parainfluenza-Parvovirus (DAPP); Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA, USA), and Leptovax 4 (Leptospirosis bacterial extract; Fort Dodge Animal Health) vaccines. Cells were stained with anti-CD8-Pacific Blue and anti-CD4-FITC (AbD Serotec) followed by intracellular staining with anti-bovine anti-IFN-γ AF647 (AbD Serotec) according to the BD Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences).
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3

Intracellular Cytokine Profiling in Spleen

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The measurement of intracellular cytokines in the spleen was done as per manufacturer's (BD, USA) protocol as mentioned earlier [21 (link)]. Briefly, splenocytes (4 × 106/mL) were incubated with brefeldin A (10 μg/mL) (Serotec, UK) in dark for 6 h at 37°C and reincubated with mouse Seroblock FcR at RT for another 10 min. Cells were washed and incubated with FITC-rat anti-mouse CD4+ antibody. Leucoperm A and Leucoperm B (Serotec, UK) were added at RT for 15 min and cells were dispensed in four tubes each containing 1 × 106 cells/100 μL. PE-rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies to cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ were added to separate tubes and cells were finally suspended in 500 μL of 0.5% paraformaldehyde for flow cytometer readings.
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