Nickel chloride hexahydrate

Cadmium chloride (CdCl₂·2.5H₂O, ≥99% purity), sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂, ≥99.5% purity), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O, ≥98% purity), and lead acetate ((CH3COO)₂Pb, ≥99% purity) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The above chemicals are referred to simply as Cd, As, Ni and Pb hereafter. Curcumin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Biosharp (Guangzhou, China). A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit was purchased from BD Pharmingen (Franklin Lake, NJ, USA). Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) antibody was obtained from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated anti-mouse antibodies were bought from Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA).

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O, 98%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂, 96%), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O, 99%), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂, 98%), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂·6H₂O, 99%), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O, 98%), cadmium chloride (CdCl₂, 99%), copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·2H₂O, 98%), stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄·5H₂O, 98%), 2-aminoethanol (HO(CH₂)₂NH₂, 99.9%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85%), and ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 99.7%) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Hydrogen hexachloroiridate (IV) hexahydrate (H₂IrCl₆·H₂O, 99%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O) was obtained from Strem. Nafion solution (~5 wt.% in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich. The carbon powder (XC72R) was purchased from Vulcan. The deionized water (18 MΩ cm⁻¹) used in all experiments was prepared by passing water through an ultrapure purification system.

Reagent-grade potato starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA) were purchased from Aldrich. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was supplied by Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Reagent-grade N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), trichloromethane (CHCl₃), acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol, concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃), and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cadmium chloride hemipentahydrate (CdCl₂·2.5H₂O), cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (Co(Ac)₂·4H₂O), copper acetate monohydrate (Cu(Ac)₂·H₂O), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O), ferric chloride anhydrous (FeCl₃), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl H₂O), zinc chloride anhydrous (ZnCl₂), and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dialysis bags (molecular weight cut off = 14 000) were purchased from Shanghai Kayon Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Ultrapure water was used in all experiments.

Anhydrous ferric trichloride (FeCl₃, ≥97.0%), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O, AR), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, ≥99.0%) were acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O, 99.99%), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂·6H₂O, AR), anhydrous copper chloride (CuCl₂, 98%), commercial Pt/C (20 wt%), ruthenium oxide (RuO₂), iridium dioxide (IrO₂), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, GR, 95%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Chromium chloride hexahydrate (CrCl₃·6H₂O, 99%) was acquired from Beijing Innochem Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Ruthenium chloride trihydrate (RuCl₃·3H₂O, 95%) was provided by Bide Pharmatech Ltd. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, M_w = 1.49 × 10⁵, copolymerized with 10 wt% acrylate) was supplied by Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Nafion117 solution (5 wt%) was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

DL-malic acid and levofloxacin were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). All the inorganic reagents, including sodium chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, manganese chloride tetrahydrate, ferric chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride, stannous chloride, lead (II) chloride, and barium chloride dehydrate, were of analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., (Beijing, China). All the organic compounds, such as D-asparagine (D-Asn), L-glutamic acid (LGA), L-valine (L-Val), L-methionine (L-Met), L-asparagine (L-Asn), L-leucine (L-Leu), S-mandelic acid (S-MA), L-glutamine (L-Glu), and L-ascorbic acid (AA) were supplied by Aladdin Industrial Corporation. The ultrapure water used was directly obtained from the lab with a Milli-Q direct water purification system.