Brookfield viscometer

EXAMPLE 17

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water from a water flood.

Samples of produced water from an intermediate crude water flood that contained approximately 15 mg/L iron (II) were dosed with 1500 mg/L, 2000 mg/L and 2500 mg/L of a polyacrylamide polymer and allowed to hydrate. The samples were tested with a Brookfield viscometer and found to have viscosities of 26 cP, 50.5 cP and 86 cP, respectively. An identical group of samples were treated with 50 mg/L of chlorine dioxide and dosed with the same levels of polymer. The samples were analyzed with a Brookfield viscometer and found to have viscosities of 47 cP, 78.5 cP, and 200 cP, respectively.

EXAMPLE 19

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the water-soluble polymer.

A sample of Permian produced water that contained approximately 82 mg/L of iron II and 26 mg/L sulfide was dosed with 5000 mg/L of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). The mixture was allowed to hydrate and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometer. The resultant viscosity was 12 cP. A sample of the same fluid was dosed with 150 mg/L chlorine dioxide and allowed to react for 15 minutes. The resultant solution had a residual of 6 mg/L chlorine dioxide. 5000 mg/L of HEC was added to the treated sample and allowed to hydrate. The resultant mixture was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer and found to have a viscosity of 147 cP.

EXAMPLE 18

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water with hydroxypropyl guar as the water-soluble polymer.

A sample of Permian produced water that contained approximately 82 mg/L of iron II and 26 mg/L sulfide was dosed with 5000 mg/L of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG). The mixture was allowed to hydrate and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometer. The resultant viscosity was about 16 cP. A sample of the same fluid was dosed with 150 mg/L chlorine dioxide and allowed to react for 15 minutes. The resultant solution had a residual of 6 mg/L chlorine dioxide. 5000 mg/L of HPG was added to the treated sample and allowed to hydrate. The resultant mixture was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer and found to have a viscosity of 107 cP.

EXAMPLE 18

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water with hydroxypropyl guar as the water-soluble polymer.

A sample of Permian produced water that contained approximately 82 mg/L of iron II and 26 mg/L sulfide was dosed with 5000 mg/L of hydroxypropylguar (HPG). The mixture was allowed to hydrate and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometer. The resultant viscosity was about 16 cP. A sample of the same fluid was dosed with 150 mg/L chlorine dioxide and allowed to react for 15 minutes. The resultant solution had a residual of 6 mg/L chlorine dioxide. 5000 mg/L of HPG was added to the treated sample and allowed to hydrate. The resultant mixture was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer and found to have a viscosity of 107 cP.

EXAMPLE 17

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water from a water flood.

Samples of produced water from an intermediate crude water flood that contained approximately 15 mg/L iron (II) were dosed with 1500 mg/L, 2000 mg/L and 2500 mg/L of a polyacrylamide polymer and allowed to hydrate. The samples were tested with a Brookfield viscometer and found to have viscosities of 26 cP, 50.5 cP and 86 cP, respectively. An identical group of samples were treated with 50 mg/L of chlorine dioxide and dosed with the same levels of polymer. The samples were analyzed with a Brookfield viscometer and found to have viscosities of 47 cP, 78.5 cP, and 200 cP, respectively.

Example 3

Comparative Study: Carrots

(A) Process Resulting in High Viscosity Material

Fresh carrots were cooked and homogenised to produce a pulp in water with 5% of carrot pulp solids. Hydrogen peroxide was then added in the ratio of 1 part carrot solids to 0.35 parts of peroxide solids. This mixture formed the reaction liquid. The liquid was then heated to 90° C. and reaction allowed to progress for 1 hr at which point the pH had dropped from 5.2 to 4.75. The resulting liquid was rapidly cooled and washed and filtered at which point the viscosity of a 1% solids mix in water was 3800 cps @ 10 rpm (measured on the Brookfield Viscometer with RV spindle heads, at 20° C.).

(B) Process Resulting in Low Viscosity Material

Fresh carrots were cooked and homogenised to produce a pulp in water with 5% of carrot pulp solids. Hydrogen peroxide was then added in the ratio of 1 part carrot solids to 0.35 parts of peroxide solids. This mixture formed the reaction liquid. The liquid was then heated to 90° C. and reaction allowed to progress for 6 hrs at which point the pH had dropped from 5 to 2. The resulting liquid was rapidly cooled and washed and filtered at which point the viscosity of a 1% solids mix in water was 600 cps @ 10 rpm (measured on the Brookfield Viscometer with RV spindle heads, at 20° C.).

EXAMPLE 19

This Example shows the formation of a treatment fluid from production water with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the water-soluble polymer.

A sample of Permian produced water that contained approximately 82 mg/L of iron II and 26 mg/L sulfide was dosed with 5000 mg/L of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). The mixture was allowed to hydrate and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometer. The resultant viscosity was 12 cP. A sample of the same fluid was dosed with 150 mg/L chlorine dioxide and allowed to react for 15 minutes. The resultant solution had a residual of 6 mg/L chlorine dioxide. 5000 mg/L of HEC was added to the treated sample and allowed to hydrate. The resultant mixture was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer and found to have a viscosity of 147 cP.