Dihydromyricetin

The samples collected in May, August, and October were dried and ground into powder. Powder samples (0.5 g) were treated for 30 min by ultrasonic extraction after soaking in petroleum ether (150 mL) for 30 min. The homogenates were filtered, and residues were immersed in 70% alcohol (20 mL) for 30 min and extracted with 70% alcohol by ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. For each extract, 2 mL was dissolved in 3.0 mL of methanol and filtered through a 0.45 µm microporous film. Then, 20 µL of filtrate was run on a Dionex-P680 HPLC (Dionex, Pliening, Germany) system with an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, AR, USA). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A solvent) and 0.1% phosphate solution (B solvent), used according to the following gradient elution program: 0 min, 0%A/90%B; 15 min, 15%A/85%B; 45 min, 15%A/85%B, 10 min, 25%A/75%B; 15 min, 25%A/75%B and 15 min, 10%A/90%B. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm, and flow rate was 1 mL/min. The chemical standards included dihydromyricetin (15092141), myricitrin (11060222), and myricetin (14101531), which were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China, and quercetrin (20140318), which was purchased from Shanghai Jinsui Biotechnology Co., LTD.

The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2, 4, 6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), vitamin C (Vc), were obtained from Solarbio Life sciences (Beijing, China). All chemical reagents including methanol, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), petroleum ether (PE), Dichloromethane (DCM), and n-butanol (n-BuOH) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin-Ciocalteu, pyrogallol, and other analytical grade chemicals were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Myricetin, dihydroMyricetin, quercetin, resveratrol, apigenin, baicalein, hesperitin, gallic acid, rutin, luteolin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and other standards for HPLC were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology (Shanghai, China). Cellulase (3, 000 μ/g) and pectinase (40, 000 μ/g) were purchased from Xiya reagent (Shandong, China). α-Glucosidase (G5003) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, C3389) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). p-Nitrophenol nitrophenol α-D-glycopyranoside (pNPG), acarbose, galantamine, and cisplatin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The HepG2, MCF-7, Raw264.7, and A549 cells were purchased from Conservation genetics CAS Kunming cell bank.