Gf um240

From January 2011 to December 2017, 217 patients underwent an elective pancreatic resection, with a final histological diagnosis of PC, at Shizuoka general hospital, Shinshiro Municipal Hospital. Patients with intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma were not included. Among them, 40 patients had small pancreatic cancer. Small pancreatic cancer was defined by CIS and an invasive carcinoma of 20 mm or less (pT1). Because four patients with pT1 were excluded due to absence of preoperative EUS, 36 were included in the study. According to the classification of UICC 8th edition [13 ], we defined invasive cancer with diameter of 5 mm or less, 6 to 10 mm, and 11 to 20 mm as pT1a, pT1b, and pT1c, respectively.
For the preoperative examination by EUS, we mainly used GF UE-260 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) for endoscopy and EU-ME1 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) as an observation apparatus. In a small number of cases, GF UM-240 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) or EU-ME2 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used. The study is approved from Shizuoka General Hospital Institutional Review Board. Approval number is SGHIRB#2017024, and date is 30 March 2018.
In this study, the preoperative EUS findings of changes in the pancreatic duct by small PC were classified as follows, and compared with the pathological findings of the resected specimen. We also examined preoperative diagnostic procedures for PC in the 36 patients.

EUS examinations were performed using a 12.0-megahertz radial scan view with a miniprobe (GF-UM2R; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and a 7.5-megahertz radial scan with a conventional echoendoscope (GF-UM240; Olympus). The staging criteria classified as the depth of the primary tumor invasion were as follows: T0, no tumor seen; T1, tumor invading the mucosa or submucosa; T2, tumor invading the muscularis propria; T3, tumor invading the adventitia; and T4, tumor invading adjacent structures. The EUS examinations in the present study were performed by three gastroenterologists with expertise in endosonography, all of whom had experience of performing more than 300 EUS examinations. Tumor shapes were classified as exophytic type (polyp, protruding tumor mass, or nodule) and flat type (ulcer or uneven mucosa).