Oleic acid (extra pure, Fisher Scientific), 1-octadecene (technical grade 90%, Alfa Aesar), ammonium fluoride (min. 98.0%, Alfa Aesar), sodium hydroxide (95%, Sigma Aldrich), acetic acid glacial (99.5%, POCH S.A), acetic acid (80%, POCH S.A), yttrium oxide (99.9%, Intematix), erbium oxide, thulium oxide (99.9%, Stanford Materials), n-hexane (95%, VWR Chemicals), and ethanol (98.8%, POCH S.A.) were applied to synthesize nanoparticles. HR HIGH SLIP commercial UV varnish (FlintGroup, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland) was used to prepare UCNPs modified finishing of prints.
Ammonium fluoride
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Poland
Ammonium fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula NH4F. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Ammonium fluoride is commonly used as a reagent in chemical analysis and various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Platinum foil, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nickel 2 nitrate hexahydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Urea, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 nitrate nonahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nickel 2 nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Energy Chemical (1 mentions)
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
15 protocols using ammonium fluoride
1
Synthesis of Upconversion Nanoparticles
2
Fabrication of Titanium Nanotube Arrays
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TNTs with a diameter of 150 nm were prepared with commercial pure Ti discs (purity: 99.9%, diameter: 34 or 14 mm, thickness: 1 mm, Baoji Titanium Industry, China). A method published in previous studies was followed. Specifically, the flat Ti discs were polished using 320–2000 grit SiC abrasive paper (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Then, the Ti discs were sequentially sonicated in 100% acetone, 70% ethanol, and distilled water for 15 min each before anodization, and the samples were dried in air. Next, Ti discs, acting as an anode, and platinum foil (Alfa Aesar), acting as a cathode, were connected in an electrochemical reaction flask, and 30 V DC power was supplied (Thermo Electron). A glycerol-based electrolyte was prepared with 0.25 wt% ammonium fluoride (Alfa Aesar, 96%) and 2 wt% deionized water. After anodization, the samples were thoroughly washed with deionized water and dried at 80 °C. Finally, a muffle furnace (Thermolyne 6000) was utilized to anneal the samples at 500 °C for 3 h. The nonanodized pure Ti foils (flat Ti) underwent the same treatment except that a voltage of 0 V were applied to the control group. Prior to cell culture experiments, all the experimental samples were sterilized with 70% ethanol for 10–12 h followed by exposure to UV light overnight.
3
Titanium-based Photocatalytic Electrode Fabrication
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All the chemicals were of analytical grade, and distilled water (18.2 Ω cm) was used throughout all the experiments. A titanium plate (99.9%) was purchased from M&T Co., Ltd. (Hsinchu, Taiwan), iron(III) nitrate hydrate (99%), nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (98%), trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (98%), ammonium fluoride (98%), and ethylene glycol (99%) were bought from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany), and the electrolyte solution was prepared by sodium sulfate (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%), methanol (≥99.9%), and washing solvent (ethanol and acetone) were all purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA).
4
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Nanocomposites
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Nb foil (99%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar, ammonium fluoride [NH4F, 99.9%], ammonium persulphate [(NH4)2S2O8, 98.5%], ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4, 99.0%], nickel(ii ) nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, 97%], iron(iii ) nitrate nonahydrate [Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 98%], and urea [CO(NH2)2] were purchased from Merck, ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.9%), acetonitrile (CH3CN, 99.9%), and benzylamine (C7H9N, 99%) were purchased from Energy Chemical. All chemical reagents were all used as received.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
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Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 99%) was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 98%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4, 98%) was obtained from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). Sodium fluoride (NaF, ≥99%), glycerol (C3H8O3, ≥99.5%), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥97.0%) were purchased from Merck (St. Luis, MO, USA). Carbopol 974 was obtained from B. F. Goodrich Specialty Chemicals (Cleveland, OH, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade. Deionised water was obtained using an Hydrolab Ultra UV (Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland) ion-exchange system and it was used for the preparation of all solutions.
6
Titanium Foil Synthesis and Characterization
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Titanium foil (0.2 mm thick,
99.9% purity) was obtained from Ankuro Int. GmbH (Germany). Nitric
acid (HNO3, 65%) was bought from Carlo Erba Reagents GmbH
(Germany). Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48–51%) and furfuryl alcohol
(FFA, 99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethylene glycol
(99%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 99.8%), sodium borohydride
(NaBH4, 97%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4, >99%), Ibuprofen (IBF, ≥98%),
coumarin, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were purchased from Alfa
Aesar (U.K.). Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, 98%) and 7-hydroxycoumarin
were obtained from Acros Organics. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. A graphite block (99.9%) was purchased from Beijing
Great Wall Co., Ltd. (China). Deionized water was used in all of the
experiments.
99.9% purity) was obtained from Ankuro Int. GmbH (Germany). Nitric
acid (HNO3, 65%) was bought from Carlo Erba Reagents GmbH
(Germany). Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48–51%) and furfuryl alcohol
(FFA, 99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethylene glycol
(99%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 99.8%), sodium borohydride
(NaBH4, 97%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4, >99%), Ibuprofen (IBF, ≥98%),
coumarin, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were purchased from Alfa
Aesar (U.K.). Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, 98%) and 7-hydroxycoumarin
were obtained from Acros Organics. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. A graphite block (99.9%) was purchased from Beijing
Great Wall Co., Ltd. (China). Deionized water was used in all of the
experiments.
7
Lipid Metabolism Regulation Protocol
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The normal and high fat diets were purchased from Jiangsu province Cooperative Medical Biological Engineering Co., Ltd (Jiangsu province, China). D-Glucose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bezafibrate was purchased from Jiangsu WanGao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu province, China). Simvastatin was purchased from Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Sanjing Mingshui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Heilongjiang Province, China). Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, GER), Formic acid and ammonium fluoride were purchased from Fisher (Marshalltown, USA). The distilled water was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA).
8
Targeted LC-MS/MS Quantification of Olive Phenolics
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LC grade reagents and solvents were used in this research. Ammonium fluoride from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA) was used as the ionizing agent. Methanol (MeOH) from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain) and deionized water (18 mΩ • cm) from a Millipore Milli-Q water purification system (Merck Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) were used for the preparation of chromatographic mobile phases.
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), whereas secoiridoid derivatives oleacein and oleocanthal were acquired from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). On the other hand, oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone (both as monoaldehyde closed isomers) were purchased from TRC (Ontario, Canada). Syringaldehyde from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as an internal standard (IS) to control the LC-MS/MS performance.
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), whereas secoiridoid derivatives oleacein and oleocanthal were acquired from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). On the other hand, oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone (both as monoaldehyde closed isomers) were purchased from TRC (Ontario, Canada). Syringaldehyde from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as an internal standard (IS) to control the LC-MS/MS performance.
9
DDBAC Extraction and Analysis
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DDBAC (≥99 %) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich LLC. (USA). A series of concentrations of DDBAC including 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 1 g/L, 5 g/L, 10 g/L, and 50 g/L, were prepared in 50 % sucrose solution. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, HPLC grade, ≥99 %) and 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (2-MBT, ≥98 %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich LLC. (USA) and Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. 2-MBT was prepared at a concentration of 12 mg/mL in 80:20 (v/v) methanol:water, containing 0.2 % TFA, for matrix coating before DDBAC detection by MALDI-MS imaging analysis. Chloroform, acetonitrile, methanol, isopropanol, ammonium acetate, and ammonium fluoride (HPLC grade, ≥99 %) were purchased from Fisher Scientific Inc. (USA) for lipidomics analysis.
10
Anodization of 3D-Printed Samples
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By mounting the 3D-printed sample at the handle, the square portion was immersed into a solution of ethylene glycol (certified grade, Sigma Aldrich) with 0.3 wt.% ammonium fluoride (certified grade, Fisher Chemical) and 2 vol.% deionized water. A (25 x 25 x 0.13) mm platinum foil (Sigma Aldrich) was used as counter-electrode. The 3D-printed sample and the Pt electrode were connected to an EPS 2A200 power supply (Hoefer Inc., Holliston, USA) as anode and cathode, respectively. The electrolyte was magnetically stirred for 15-20 min prior usage to ensure solution homogeneity, and it was kept gently stirred during the entire anodization process. Fresh solution was employed for each sample. Four different anodization voltages: 20 V, 40 V, 60 V and 80 V, were tested at a fixed time of 30 min. Additional samples were anodized at a constant voltage of 40 V for 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 60 min. After anodization, the handle was detached from the square portion of the sample and discarded. All the anodized samples were ultrasonicated in ethanol for 30 s.
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