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4 protocols using anti p21

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Senescence and Mitophagy

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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of senescence and mitophagy proteins. After antigens repaired, all sections were incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C after blockage of endogenous peroxidases. The primary antibodies were used as follows: anti-Ki67 (Maixin), anti-wtp53 (1:300, Bioss), anti-p21 (1:300, Bioss), anti-CDK2 (1:50, Abcam), anti-CDK4 (1:100, Bioss), anti-CDK6 (1:400, Bioss), anti-PHB2 (1:200, Abcam) and anti-LC3 (1:100, Abcam). Next, the sections were incubated with secondary antibody (Maixin, China) at 37°C for 30 minutes. Finally, slides were evaluated using the brown DAB precipitate (Maixin, China) and were performed with hematoxylin.
All sections were observed under the microscope (Olympus BX61, Japan) to randomly select three regions at 200× magnification. Image-Pro Plus software was used for MOD quantitative analyses (MOD = integral optical density/measurement area).
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2

Comprehensive Antibody Protocol for Cell Analysis

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The following antibodies were used. Anti-β-Galactosidase (Bioss, bs-4960R), anti-alkaline phosphatase (Novus Biologicals, NBP1-32948); anti-heterochromatin protein 1-γ (HP1-γ, phospho Ser 93, Bioss, bs-3221R); anti-p21 (Bioss, bs-10129R); anti-p27 (phospho Thr 187, Abcam, ab75908); anti-NOS-1, 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA1-033 and -036); anti-NOS-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, SAB-4300435); anti-ErbB2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-16395); anti-pSMAD3 (Ser423/Ser425, Novous Biological, NBP1-77836); anti-CD24 (Novus Biologicals, NBP1-4639055); anti-CD44 (Bioss, bs-2507R); anti-S-Nitroso-Cysteine (Abcam, ab50185 or Alpha Diagnostics, NISC11-A); anti-Integrin α6 (BD Biosciences, 555734); anti-GM130 (Cell Signaling, 12480 S); anti-human CK 14 (ThermoFisher, MA511599); anti-human CK 18 (ThermoFisher, PA514263); anti-mouse CK 14 (BioLegend, 905301); anti-human CK 8/18 (DSHB, Troma-I); anti-Cleaved Caspase3 (Cell Signaling, #9664); anti-β-Actin (Sigma, A1978); anti-DYNLL1 (Abcam, ab51603); and anti-ADMA (EMD Millipore, 09-814).
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3

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Cisplatin (HY-17394), Z-VAD-FMK (HY-16658), doxorubicin (HY-15142), and staurosporine (62996-74-1) were purchased from MCE (Middlesex, NJ, USA). ML216 was purchased from MCE (HY-12342) and Selleck (S0469, Houston, TX, USA). Hydroxyurea (V900323) and etoposide (E1383) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The antibodies used included anti-DBC1 (Bethyl Labotatories, Montgomery, TX, USA, A300-434A), anti-V5 (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA, R960-25), anti-Flag (Sigma, F7425), anti-BLM (Bethyl Labotatories, A300-110A), anti-GAPDH (Millipore, St. Louis, MO, USA, MAB374), anti-p21 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA, 556430), anti-β Tubulin (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA, SC-166729), anti-p53 (Santa Cruz, SC-126), anti-Bcl-2 (Santa Cruz, SC-7382), anti-p16 (Santa Cruz, SC-56330), anti-phospho-H2A.X (Millipore, 07-164-25UG), anti-β-actin (Absin, Shanghai, China, ABS830031), anti-PARP1 (CST, Danvers, MA, USA, 9542S), anti-cleaved PARP1 (CST, 5625S), anti-BLM (Bioss, Beijing, China, bs-12872R) and anti-p21 (Bioss, bs-0741R). Secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase-coupled sheep anti-mouse IgG (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA, NA931 or ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China, ZB-2301), donkey anti-rabbit IgG (GE Healthcare, NA934), and horseradish peroxidase-coupled sheep anti-mouse IgG (ZSGB-BIO, ZB-2305).
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4

Immunofluorescence analysis of p21, c-Myc, and NF-κB

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FaDu cells were grown on slides, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at RT and washed with PBS. Cells were permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 min. Cells were blocked with 5% goat serum for 1 hour, and incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-p21 (1:100; Bioss Antibodies), rabbit polyclonal anti-C-Myc (1:100; Bioss Antibodies), rabbit monoclonal anti-NFκB p65 (1:100, Abcam) overnight at 4°C. The next day cells were washed 3 times with PBS, and incubated with goat Alexa 555 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:400, Abcam) for 1 hour at room temperature in the dark. Cells were mounted in 70% glycerol and images were taken by laser confocal microscopy (Fluo-View FV1000; Olympus, Japan).
Detection of the fluorescent intensity (FI) of FaDu cells stained with anti-p21 or anti-C-Myc antibodies were preformed under a laser scanning confocal microscope. Positive signals were analyzed as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) using the FV10-ASW 4.0 software (Fluo-View FV1000; Olympus, Japan). In brief, 100 cells from each treatment group were analyzed in a blinded manner. All images were captured under the same camera settings.
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