2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,2ʹ-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salts (ABTS) were from Sigma (USA). 2, 4, 6-Tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), eugenol and isoeugenol were purchased from Fluka (Switzerland). Propidium iodide (PI) was from BD Biosciences. The pBR322 plasmid DNA was from Takara Bio Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). Nutrient agar (NA) and nutrient broth (NB) mediums were from Beijing Aoboxing Bio-tech Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Other chemicals used were all of analytical grade.
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride aaph
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain
2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It functions as a free radical initiator, capable of generating reactive free radicals under controlled conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fluorescein, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchromane 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Fluorescein sodium salt, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu s phenol reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Folin ciocalteau reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
48 protocols using 2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride aaph
1
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Assays
2
Apigenin Formulation and Antioxidant Evaluation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Apigenin was purchased from Xian Neo Biotech, Xian, China. Corn oil was purchased from Morakot Industries, Thailand, and sunflower oil was obtained from Lam Soon, Thailand. Gelucire 44/14 (lauroyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides) and Transcutol HP (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were kindly supplied by Gattefossé, France. Myritol 318 (caprylic/capric triglyceride) was purchased from Chemipan, Thailand. Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) were obtained from Ajax Finechem, Australia. Span 20 (sorbitan laurate) was obtained from Croda, Singapore. Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) and Cremophor-RH40 (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil) were purchased from Namsiang, Thailand. PEG 400 was obtained from Krungthepchemi, Thailand. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) capsules size 00 were obtained from Zhejiang Yuexi Capsule, Shaoxing, China. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), l -glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were supplied by Gibco, UK. 2,2ʹ-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA.
3
Lipid Characterization and Modification Protocols
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphatidylserine (DOPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylserine (POPS), cholesterol (Chol), egg sphingomyelin (SM, containing ≈ 86% N-palmitoyl SM), dodecanoyl dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (pl-PE), 23-(dipyrrometheneboron difluoride)-24- norcholesterol (Topflour-Chol) and N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (Rho-DOPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Birmingham, AL, USA). 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan) was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Phospholipid stock concentrations were determined by phosphate assay. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The CpreTM peptide used in this study was synthesized in C-terminal carboxamide form by solid-phase methods using Fmoc chemistry, purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (purity > 95%).
4
Quantification of Antioxidant Capacity
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Phenylephrine, acetylcholine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; ≥98%), diphenhydramine (≥98%), fulvestrant (≥98%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), fluorescein, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and Trolox ((±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Tedia® (Fairfield, CT, USA).
5
Chromatographic Quantification and Bioactivity Assays
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All the standard compounds used for chromatographic quantifications (melezitose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, ascorbic, citric, and fumaric acids, 47885-U, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols, from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; tocol, from Matreya, Pleasant Gap, PA, USA; chlorogenic and caffeic acids and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, from Extrasynthèse, Genay, France) and bioactivity assays (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), from Sigma-Aldrich) had a purity level of at least 95%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade formic acid, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, Lisbon, Portugal. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. All the other reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from common sources.
6
Standardized Extraction of Uncaria tomentosa
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Uncaria tomentosa leaves were collected from Los Chiles, Costa Rica, and the voucher (series no. AQ3332) is deposited in the Costa Rican National Herbarium. After drying the leaves in a stove at 40 °C, the material was ground and preserved at −5 °C. Chloroform, methanol and MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) solvents were obtained from Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA) and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diaion® HP-20 resin, Trypsin-EDTA solution, 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine)-dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagents were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Finally, glutamine, MEM (Minimum essential Eagle’s medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)), penicillin-streptomycin antibiotics and amphotericin B antifungal were provided by Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
7
Bioactive Compound Characterization Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Quercetin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid (>95%), trans-ferulic acid (99%), caffeic acid (>98%), vanillic acid (>97%), hippuric acid (98%), cyanidin chloride, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside chloride, sulforaphane, thiazole orange (TO), 2,2-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France). Procyanidin B2 was purchased from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France) and (4R) 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (3,4-DHPVL) (90% enantiomeric excess) was purchased from Enamine (Riga, Latvia). Gibco DMEM (high-glucose, GlutaMAX supplement and pyruvate), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (HyClone, Logan, Utah, United States), pen-strep solution (100X) (Gibco), 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (HyClone), Gibco Selective Antibiotic Geneticin (G418) (50 mg/mL), Gibco DPBS without Calcium and Magnesium (1X) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). HepG2 (catalogue number HB8065) and SH-SY5Y (catalogue number CRL-2266) cell lines were purchased from the American Type Cell Collection (ATCC) (LGC Standards, Molsheim, France). The Caco-2 cell line was a gift from Led Engineering Development (LED, Montauban, France). ARE Reporter—HepG2 Cell Line (catalogue number 60513) were purchased from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA).
8
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Acer truncatum
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All authentic standards for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China) except tannic acid, which was from Sigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2′-azobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and fluorescein were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and formic acid were bought from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Ultra-pure water was prepared using a Milli-Q50 SP Reagent Water System (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Other reagents (analytical grade) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Beijing, China).
Twenty Acer truncatum Bunge trees with similar tree-age and growing environment were randomly selected in Bajia Outskirts Park (GPS coordinates, 40°00'57.21″ N, 116°19'43.36″ E), Beijing, China, and authenticated by Dr Zhonghua Liu from Beijing Forestry University. Both ATL and ATF were collected on 20 April 2017, which was the florescence period of A. truncatum, as well as an optimal season with high phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in ATL [15 ].
Twenty Acer truncatum Bunge trees with similar tree-age and growing environment were randomly selected in Bajia Outskirts Park (GPS coordinates, 40°00'57.21″ N, 116°19'43.36″ E), Beijing, China, and authenticated by Dr Zhonghua Liu from Beijing Forestry University. Both ATL and ATF were collected on 20 April 2017, which was the florescence period of A. truncatum, as well as an optimal season with high phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in ATL [15 ].
9
Antioxidant Capacity Determination Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The reference compounds 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, 4′-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (−-epicatechin, apigenin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and β-carotene, and the individual sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Formic acid was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. LC-MS grade water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile were acquired from PanReac Applichem (Castellar del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain).
Note: the names for the phenolic compounds used in this paper are based on the nomenclature thesaurus of Kay et al., 2020 [16 (link)].
The reagents 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein, potassium persulfate, sodium hydroxyde, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hydrogen phosphate were also acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Note: the names for the phenolic compounds used in this paper are based on the nomenclature thesaurus of Kay et al., 2020 [16 (link)].
The reagents 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein, potassium persulfate, sodium hydroxyde, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hydrogen phosphate were also acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
10
Synthesis of NIPAM Microgels and Gold Nanoparticles
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All materials were used without further purification. For the microgel synthesis, the following chamicals were used: the monomer N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany, purity 99%), cross-linker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) from Fluka (Germany, purity 99.5%) and the initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) from Sigma-Adrich (Germany, purity 97%). For the synthesis of the gold nanoparti-cles, sodium citrate dihydrate (purity ≥99%, Fluka, Germany) and gold(III) chloride hydrate (HAuCL 4 , purity ≥49%, Fluka, Germany) were used. A three-stage Millipore Milli-Q Plus 185 purification system was used for water purification.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!