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13 protocols using ventana discovery system

1

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Molecular Markers

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Immunohistochemistry was conducted in 5 μm FFPE whole tissue or tissue microarray sections using automated Ventana Discovery system or Ventana Benchmark system (Ventana Medical Systems). The primary antibodies used included NF2 (1:100, D3S3W, Cell Signaling Technology), YAP/TAZ (1:50, D24E4, Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-YAP (Ser127) (1:500, D9W2I, Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-S6 (Ser235/236; 1:100, D57.2.2E, Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-4EBP1 (Thr37/46; 1:400, 236B4, Cell Signaling Technology), 2SC (Dr Norma Frizzell, Univ. of South Carolina)42 (link), FH (1:1,000, Clone J-13, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), INI1 (1:100, BAF47, BD Bioscience) and H3K36me3 (1:200, MABI-0333, Active Motif). For the semi-quantitive or quantitative (H-scores) analysis of staining, the pathologists were blinded to the group designation of cases on tissue microarray slides.
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2

Evaluating YAP/TAZ Expression in Sarcomatoid Tissues

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Immunohistochemistry was conducted in 5 µm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) whole tissue sections. Staining for YAP/TAZ (D24E4, Cell Signalling Technology, 1:50) was performed using an automated Ventana Discovery system (Ventana). Immunostaining scores (H-scores) for YAP/TAZ nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in the sarcomatoid areas were assessed separately and calculated as [H = intensity (0-3) × percentage of positive cells (1–100)].
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of NOX5, ALK, and CD30

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Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (4 μm thick) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for NOX5 [25 (link)], ALK (Dako M7195), or CD30 (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA, 790–2926). Staining was performed using the automated Ventana Discovery system for NOX5 and ALK or Ventana BenchMark XT system for CD30 (Ventana Medical Systems). Ventana reagents were used for all procedures. Briefly, slides were heated with cell conditioning solution for 36 min, for ALK and NOX5 antibodies, or for 64 min for CD30 (CC1; Tris-based buffer, pH 8.4). Primary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1/1000 or 1/50 for NOX5 or ALK, respectively. CD30 was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Detection of primary antibodies was carried out using the amplified DAB detection kit based on the conversion of diaminobenzidine to a dye with multimeric horseradish peroxidase.
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4

Immunohistochemical Staining of CDK19, pSTAT1, and PD-L1

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IHC staining was performed using the Ventana Discovery System (Ventana Medical System, Oro Valley, AZ, USA) [48 (link)]. Briefly, slides were incubated at room temperature with primary antibodies: anti-CDK19 polyclonal rabbit (HPA007053, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), pSTAT1 (D4X3C, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), PD-L1 (E1L3N, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), and detected with the ultraView Universal DAB Detection Kit (Ventana Medical System, Tucson, AZ, USA).
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inner Ear

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Inner ears from P12 mice were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS overnight at 4°C. Samples were embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 8 μm in a mid-modiolar plane and immunolabelled using the Ventana Discovery system (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Illkirch, France) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Antibodies to Kcnq4 (Santa Cruz, polyclonal goat, sc-9385) and prestin (Santa Cruz, polyclonal goat, sc-22694) were used as primary antibodies followed by anti-goat secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 705-065-147). For prestin, +/tde n = 2; tde/tde n = 5 mice. For Kcnq4, +/tde n = 2; tde/tde n = 2 mice.
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6

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Tissue Samples

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Immunohistochemistry was conducted in 5 μm formalin-fixed
paraffin-embedded (FFPE) whole tissue sections. Staining for CK7 (clone OV-TL
12/30, DAKO, 1:800), AMACR (clone 12H4, Zeta Corp, 1:100), CD10 (clone SP67,
Ventana), EMA (clone E29, Ventana), CD15 (clone MMA, Ventana) and Pax8
(Proteintech, 1:100) was performed using a BenchMark XT automated system
(Ventana, Tucson, AZ). Staining for YAP/TAZ (D24E4, Cell Signaling Technology,
1:50) was performed using an automated Ventana Discovery system (Ventana).
Immunostaining scores (H-scores) for YAP/TAZ nuclear staining were determined as
[H= intensity (0–3) x percentage of positive cells (1–100)].
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7

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of APE1 in Colon Cancer

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The expression of APE1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from colon cancer and normal colonic mucosa (collected more than 2 cm far from the cancerous lesion). Sections from paraffin blocks having a thickness of 3 μm were used for immunohistochemical staining. Mouse anti-human APE1 monoclonal antibody (Novus, Littleton, CO, USA) was diluted (1:4,000) with a background-reducing diluent (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) and the tissue sections were incubated in the mixture for 30 minutes. All the immunostaining processes were performed using the Ventana Discovery system (Ventana, Tucson, AZ, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The negative controls were treated identically but without the primary antibody. The entire stained sections of each sample were scanned by a light microscope (×20 or ×40). The slides were reviewed by a pathologist who was unaware of any information related to the enrolled patients. Immunochemical scoring was performed according to the percentage of cell staining and the intensity of staining. Low expression was defined as a weak intensity of staining with positive cell percentage <50% or moderate intensity of staining with positive cell percentage <25%.
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8

Quantification of RVLM TH+ Neurons

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The brains were extracted, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dissected at the brainstem level using a mouse brain slicer matrix (RBMA–200C, World Precision Instruments), paraffin embedded, cut in 2 μm thick sections, and scanned using an Olympus BX51 microscope coupled with a DotSlide system for the identification of RVLM. TH staining (dilution 1:50, Cat. Number 22941, ImmunoStar) was carried out using the Ventana Discovery system (Roche) and the following parameters: citrate buffer pH 6.0 for heat–induced antigen retrieval, 40 min incubations with primary and secondary (Cat. number ab133469, Abcam) antibodies, detection step with the ChromoMap DAB kit (Cat. number 760–159, Roche), and counterstaining with hematoxylin. The quantification of the number of RVLM TH+ neurons was done using standard microscopy analyses.
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tissue Samples

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For immunohistochemical analysis, tissue blocks were serially cut into 5 μm sections, which were first stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to assess histology, and then for AGR2 (C1313 Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA, USA (1 = 30)), Ki67 (2746/1 Epitomics, Burlingame, CA, USA (1 = 6000)) and CD3 (A0452 Dako, Santa Clara, CA, USA 1 = 200)). Immunohistochemistry was performed following protocols for the Ventana Discovery System automated platform (Roche, Switzerland). Histology was reviewed using the digital program Pannoramic Viewer (3DHistech, Hungary).
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10

RNAscope Assay for mRNA Detection

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The RNAscope assay was carried out in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction, as previously described [83 (link)]. In brief, 5 μm sections were cut from FFPE blocks, pretreated according to an extended protocol (30 min for pretreatment 2 and 3), digested and hybridised at 40 °C with human COL11A1 or COL27A1 mRNA probes (both ready to use, Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA) using a Ventana Discovery system (Roche, Switzerland). Afterwards, the slides were incubated for 10 s in haematoxylin.
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