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Ammonium persulfate

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Ammonium persulfate is a chemical compound commonly used as an initiator in polymerization reactions. It is a white crystalline solid that decomposes to produce free radicals, which can then initiate the polymerization process. Ammonium persulfate is a versatile chemical that has various applications in the biochemical and industrial sectors.

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17 protocols using ammonium persulfate

1

Synthesis and Characterization of PEI-Coated Silica Hydrogels

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Acrylamide (AM) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Shanghai, China). N, N-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAM, purity 99%) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI aqueous solution, 50 w/w%, Mw~70,000), PEI (Mw 800, 1600, purity 99%) used during measurement were purchased from Aladdin Inc. (Shanghai, China) and Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Hydrophobic silicon dioxide particles (SiO2 HPs, diameter ~20 nm, KH570 silane-treated) were purchased from Fuhong Materials Inc. (Shanxi, China). Muscovite mica sheets used for SFA measurement were obtained from S&J Trading (USA). Fe3O4 nano-particles (purity 99.5%) were purchased from Macklin Inc. (Shanghai, China). The conductivity of deionized water in this study is 0.05 μS/cm. All reagents in this work were used as received without further purification. For thermal initiation, ammonium persulfate (Macklin, Shanghai, China) was utilized to replace the photoinitiator, Irgacure 2959 (BASF, Shanghai, China). The weight composition of the materials is 8.5 g AM, 3.5 g PEI@SiO2, BAM 0.051 g, and 0.17 g ammonium persulfate and 55 g of water, and the weight ratio of HPs:PEI =0:1, 0.5:1 and 1:1, respectively.
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2

Synthesis of Dye Precursors and Hydrogel Monomers

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Chemicals including 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride (98%), N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (99%), ammonium persulfate (98.5%), and N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) (AR) were purchased from Macklin. 3-methyl-2-butanone (99%), 2-bromoethanol (98%), triethylamine (99.5%), and methacryloyl chloride (97%) were purchased from Energy Chemical. 4-hydrazinylbenzenesulfonic acid hemihydrate (98%), 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine, salicylaldehyde (98%), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (98%), 1,4-dioxane (99%), and N-isopropylacrylamide (98%), were purchased from Aladdin. Piperidine (AR) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. All other solvents (AR) were purchased from Chengdu Chron Chemical Co. Ltd.
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3

Hydrogel Synthesis Protocol

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Ammonium persulfate (APS, 99.9%), gelatin (~250 g Bloom), and ethylene glycol (AR, 98%) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Acrylamide (AAm, 99%), N,N′-MethylenebisAcrylamide (MBAA), and glycerol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Deionized water (DI water) was used in all experiments.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Cy5.5-Labeled ANG Peptide

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The pyrrole monomer, ammonium persulfate, and PVA (Mw: ca. 30 kDa) was purchased from Macklin. PHT was purchased from Bidepharm. Dopamine hydrochloride was purchased from Aladdin. ANG (TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY; 2.3 kDa) was synthesized by the Chinese Peptide Company (Hangzhou, China). The sulfo-Cy5.5 NHS ester and thiol-PEG NHS ester (Mw: 5 kDa) were obtained from Yare Biotech Inc. (Shanghai, China). The Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 0.25% (w/v) trypsin solution were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 megohms/cm) was purified using a Sartorious AG arium system and used in all experiments. All other chemicals and bioreagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise declared.
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5

Electrochemical Detection of Acrylamide

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Acrylamide, N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide, Tris Base, and NaCl were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. Ammonium persulfate, HCHO, K3Fe(CN)6, K4Fe(CN)6, and N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. HNO3, AgNO3 and HCl were obtained from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd. Orthoboric acid was prepared from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co, Ltd. MCH was obtained from Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2·6 H2O and H2SO4 were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. NaCO3 was obtained from Shanghai Runjie Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
All the sequences used in this study were synthesized and offered by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) (Table S3). Exo Ι was purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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6

Biomimetic Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization

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Polycaprolactone diol (PCL, 99%), PolyHexamethylene diisocyanate (PHMD, 99%), Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI, 99%), Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL, 99%), butyl ethanoate (99%), Acrylamide (AAm, 96%), methacrylic acid (AA, 98%), N,N′-Methylenebis(Acrylamide) (BIS, 99%), Ammonium persulfate (APS), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, 99%) and Ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS, 98%) were purchased from Macklin Inc., Rochelle, IL, USA. All the chemical reagents were used as received.
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7

Synthesis of Li-Bentonite-Based Hydrogels

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The bentonite used in the experiment was Li-bentonite (Li-B), which was bought from the Lingshou County Langtai Mineral Products Processing Plant (Shijiazhuang, China). Its chemical composites are shown in Table 1.
The main agents, cross-linking agent, initiator, and emulsifier used in the mixture were magnesium acrylate (AC), N, N’-methylenebis (MBA), ammonium persulfate (APS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), respectively, which were bought from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Moreover, the accelerator used in the mixture was triethanolamine (TEA), which was bought from Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Linyi, China). The purity specifications of the above chemical reagents are all Analytical Reagent (AR).
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8

Synthesis of Alginate-based Hydrogel

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Sodium alginate (SA, viscosity (10 g L−1, 20 °C) >0.02 Pa S) was purchased from Sinopharm Group Reagent Co., Ltd; acrylamide (AM, 99.0%), stearyl methacrylate (SMA, 96%) and ammonium persulfate (APS, >99%) were provided by Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, CP) was obtained from Shantou Guanghua Chemical Factory (Guangdong, China); calcium chloride (CaCl2, AR) was purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangdong, China); all other reagents used were of analytical grade.
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9

Squid Protein Extraction and Characterization

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Glycine, acrylamide solutions with 30% (w/v), SDS, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), 1-anilino-8-naphtha-lene sulfonate (ANS), Triton-X100, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), and ammonium persulfate (APS) were provided by Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ready-to-use protein molecular weight standard marker (6.5–200 kDa) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and other reagents were obtained from Hangzhou Jiecheng Biotechnology Co. (Hangzhou, China). All reagents were of analytical purity.
Giant squid, purchased from Zhoushan Second Ocean Fishery Co., Ltd. (Zhoushan, China), were immediately frozen without any treatment after being caught and stored at −20°C for less than 3 months. All squids were deheaded, degutted, and cleaned using water after they were defrosted in the air to room temperature. The mantles with the fins were sealed and stored at −40°C for further experiments.
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10

Colloidal Silica Synthesis and Characterization

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Colloidal silica was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid was obtained from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory. Aniline (AR, 99.5%), ammonium persulfate (AR, 98.5%), sodium hydroxide (GR, 97%) and perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) (98%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. All chemicals were used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (> 18.2 MΩ cm) from a Water Purifier System (UPR-II-10 T).
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