Betaine

Manufactured by Maclin Biochemical Technology

Sourced in China

Betaine is a chemical compound that functions as an osmolyte, helping to regulate cellular water balance and protect against osmotic stress. It plays a role in various biological processes, including protein folding and enzyme function.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using betaine

Phytochemical Analysis of Foxtail Millet Husk

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Foxtail millet husk (dry) was acquired from Jinsu Agricultural Technology Corporation (Henan Province, China). The sample was smashed (RS-FS1401 mill, Royalstar Co., Ltd., Hefei, China) sieved (40-mesh), and then stored at −20 °C.
Betaine and L-lactic acid were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and standards (vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, rutin, and kaempferol, the purity above 98%) were sourced from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China), while ABTS(2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), DPPH(2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), and TPTZ(2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatographic methanol and formic acid were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Reagent Co., Ltd., (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents, including glycerol, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), glycol, aluminum trichloride (AlCl₃), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), and methanol, were purchased from Tianjin Deen Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjing, China).

Wang C., Li Z., Xiang J., Johnson J.B., Zheng B., Luo L, & Beta T. (2023). From Foxtail Millet Husk (Waste) to Bioactive Phenolic Extracts Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Acetylcholinesterase, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Foods, 12(6), 1144.

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Synthesis of Iodine-Containing Polymer

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PVA (molecular weight, 120,000 to 140,000), betaine (MW = 117.15, ≥ 98%), I₂ (MW = 253.81, ≥ 99%), and KI (MW = 166, ≥ 99%) were purchased from MACKLIN Reagent. All materials were used as received without further purification.

Wang Z., Li N., Yang X., Zhang Z., Zhang H, & Cui X. (2024). Thermogalvanic hydrogel-based e-skin for self-powered on-body dual-modal temperature and strain sensing. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 10, 55.

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Enzyme-catalyzed Glucopyranoside Assay

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4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) and α-glucosidase were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Organic solvents and the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Arecoline hydrobromide, rutin trihydrate, and gallic acid were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Choline chloride (98%), betaine (98%), L-proline (99%), glucose (99%), lactic acid (88%), xylitol (99%), malic acid (98%), urea (99%), citric acid (99.5%), glycerol (99%), 1,4-butanediol (98%), ethylene glycol (99.5%), and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All these reagents were of analytical grade.

Liu J., Ma L., Deng S., Chen X., Li Q., Xu A., Tong T., Tan S., Wang M., Cai J, & Wang H. (2024). Deep Eutectic Solvents for Efficient and Selective Extraction of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Waste Seeds of Refined Betel Nuts. Foods, 13(7), 1070.

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Standardized A. senticosus Powder Preparation

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A. senticosus Slices were purchased from Liaocheng Liming Pharmacy, ground into powder with a pulverizer (JYZ-B521, Joyoung Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), passed through a 150-mesh sieve, and stored at room temperature.
Lactic acid (ACS, ≥85%) and ethylene glycol (AR, 99.5%) were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China. Choline chloride (AR, 98%), 1,4-butanediol (AR, 98%), L-Choline chloride (AR, 98%), 1,4-butanediol (AR, 98%), L-malic acid (AR, 98%), L-proline (AR, 99%), urea (AR, 99%), and Betaine (AR, 98%) were purchased from Macklin Bio-chemical Technology Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China. Oxalic acid (AR, 99.5%) was purchased from Fengchuan Chemical Reagent Technology Co., Ltd. in Tianjin, China. Anhydrous ethanol and sulfuric acid (AR, 95–98%) were purchased from the FEFC (Yantai, China) Co.

Xue J., Su J., Wang X., Zhang R., Li X., Li Y., Ding Y, & Chu X. (2024). Eco-Friendly and Efficient Extraction of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus by Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules, 29(5), 942.

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Ginkgo biloba Leaves Characterization

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The Ginkgo biloba leaves picked on May were purchased from Chinese Herb Transaction Center (Bozhou, China). The leaves were dried at 40 °C to constant weight in vacuum oven, and then pulverized to 30–40 mesh by a disintegrator. The water content of the Ginkgo biloba leaves powder was 3.17% (w/w).
The standards of SA (≥99.0%), PA (≥99.0%), GAA (≥99.0%) and PHBA (≥99.0%) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The 6-HKA (≥99.8%) was donated by Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China). Choline chloride (≥98.0%), citric acid (≥99.5%), d-sorbitol (BR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Phosphorous acid (chromatographic grade, 85–90%), dl-malic acid (≥99.0%), malonic acid (≥99.0%), levulinic acid (≥99.0%) and 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (≥99.0%) were obtained from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Glycolic acid (≥98.0%), xylitol (≥99.0%) and betaine (≥99.0%) were acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile (chromatographic grade) was purchased from Tedia Company, Inc. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was obtained by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). All other reagents and chemicals used in this work were of analytical reagent grade.

Cao J., Wang H., Zhang W., Cao F., Ma G, & Su E. (2018). Tailor-Made Deep Eutectic Solvents for Simultaneous Extraction of Five Aromatic Acids from Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Molecules, 23(12), 3214.

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Zebrafish-based Endocrine Disruptor Evaluation

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Our experimental protocols followed the guidelines for ethical use of animals formulated by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Wenzhou Medical University. Accordingly, we performed dissection of larval and adult zebrafish on ice to minimize suffering. (99.9%, , BPA (99.9%, and BHPF (97.0%, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). E3 (98.0%, CAS No. 50-27-1), E2 (98.0%, CAS No. 50-28-2), E1 (99.0%, CAS No. 53-16-7), EE2 (99.0%, CAS No. 57-63-6) and POP (97.0%, CAS No. 140-66-9) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). The molecular structures for these eight EDCs are shown in Fig. 1. EDC standard solutions were dissolved in acetone and stored at À 20 � C. Cycloleucine (98.0%, CAS No. 52-52-8) and betaine (98.0%, CAS No. 107-43-7) were gratis supplied by Macklin Reagent (Shanghai, China). We acquired acetone from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China) and formamide (99.0%, CAS No. 75-12-7) and xylene (98.5%, CAS No. 1330-20-7) from Aladdin (Shanghai, China).

Huang W., Ai W., Lin W., Fang F., Wang X., Huang H., Dahlgren R.A, & Wang H. (2020). Identification of receptors for eight endocrine disrupting chemicals and their underlying mechanisms using zebrafish as a model organism. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 204.

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