2 aminoterephthalic acid

All the chemicals and solvents were obtained commercially and were used as received without any further purification. ZrCl₄ was procured from Acros Organics; 2-aminoterephthalic acid, glutaric anhydride, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, diphenylphosphinic chloride and diphenylphosphoryl chloride were received from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetic anhydride was obtained from Reechem Pvt. Ltd. Maleic anhydride, sulfamic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid were received from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. Triethylamine, acetonitrile, DMF, toluene and chloroform were obtained from Merck, while methanol and ethanol were purchased from SD Fine-Chem Ltd. and Changshu Hongsheng Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd., respectively.

Porous α-Al₂O₃ disks (h = 1 mm, d = 13 mm, ɛ = 0.4–0.55; Fraunhofer IKTS) were used as substrate. These are special composite microfiltration membranes, consisting of a smooth layer of α-Al₂O₃ (d₅₀ = 70 nm) on the top of an α-Al₂O₃ support (d₅₀ = 2.5 μm).
Organic linker and metal ion sources were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany) as 2-aminoterephthalic acid, C₈H₇NO₄ (99%), and zirconium(IV) chloride, ZrCl₄ (99.5%), respectively. For the functionalization, an 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUD) solution was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). The used solvents were hydrogen chloride (HCl), provided by VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA), and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DMF was employed not only as a solvent for both linker and metal ion compounds but also for washing the synthesized samples. All chemicals and reagents were used as received without further purification.

The monomer4,5-dichlorophthalic anhydride was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan); 5,5′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobisindane (97%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Seoul, Korea). These were used as obtained. Zirconium chloride (ZrCl₄) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Seoul, Korea). Pebax was purchased from ArkemaInc. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform, dimethyl formamide, and potassium carbonate were purchased from DaeJung Chemicals & Metals Co. Ltd. (Shiheung, Korea) in South Korea. Acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and triethylamine were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. (Yongin, Korea)

All reagents and solvents received from commercial suppliers were used without further purification (indium nitrate hydrate, In(NO₃)₃·xH₂O, Alfa Aesar, 99%; terephthalic acid (H₂BDC), Alfa Aesar, 98%; 2-Aminoterephthalic acid (H₂BDC-NH₂), Alfa Aesar, 99%; 2-Bromoterephthalic acid (H₂BDC-Br), Alfa Aesar, 97%; Nitroterephthalic acid (H₂BDC-NO₂), Alfa Aesar, 99%; N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), Aldrich, greater than 99%; anhydrous ethanol, Prolabo, 99.8%; anhydrous methanol, Aldrich, 99.9%).

Aniline hydrochloride (p.a., Penta, Czech
Republic), ammonium peroxydisulfate (p.a., Lach-Ner, Czech Republic),
terephthalic acid (>98% purity, Alfa Aesar, Germany), 2-aminoterephthalic
acid (99% purity, Alfa Aesar, Germany), zirconium tetrachloride (>99.5%
purity, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and Nafion 117 solution (∼5%
in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water, Sigma-Aldrich)
were used as received.

ZrCl₄ (≥98.0%), 2-aminoterephthalic acid (≥98.0%), mercury standard solution (AAS, 1 mg/mL Hg in 2–5% HNO₃) and lead standard solution (AAS, 1 mg/mL Pb in 2–5% HNO₃) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. CH₃NCS (≥99.0%) and hydroxyethyl starch (98%) were purchased from XiYa Chemical (Linyi, China) Technology. Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (≥98.0%), Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O (≥98.0%), FeCl₃·6H₂O (≥98.0%), DMF (A.R.), acetone (A.R.) and C₂H₅OH (A.R.) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). Tetrahydrofuran, K₂Cr₂O₇ (A.R.), CdO (≥99.999%), Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (A.R.), CaCO₃ (A.R.), MgSO₄ (A.R.), Mn(NO₃)₂ (50%, A.R.), THF (A.R.) and HF (≥40%, A.R.) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Deionized water was used throughout all experiments. PTFE filters (13 mm diameter with pore size of 0.22 μm) were purchased from ZiYang Economic and Trade Corporation (Changchun, China). Substrates used in this work (non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (NWF) with 0.42 mm thickness and a mass density of 120 g/m²) were purchased from commercial sources. All substrates were washed with acetone and dried at 60 °C for 3 h in a vacuum oven before use. All reagents and materials were used as received without further treatment.