Heat inactivated fbs

HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells were purchased from the American Type Cell Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Testosterone propionate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis was provided by Sunchang Institute of Health and Longevity (Sunchang, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), heat-inactivated FBS, PBS, and penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep) were purchased from Welgene (Daegu, Korea). Polyclonal antibody against NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Monoclonal antibodies against 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Polyclonal antibody against 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). 2,2’-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and 2,2’-azinobis diammonium salt (ABTS) was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). Monoclonal antibodies against iNOS and COX-2 were purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).