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67 protocols using lithium chloride (licl)

1

Fabrication of Nanomaterial-based Composites

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Commercially available nonwoven polypropylene
(PP) cloth and woven cotton, silk, and polyester cloth were procured
locally. Aniline and ammonium persulfate (APS) were from RANKEM India.
Hydrochloric acid was from Sigma Aldrich. Ethanol, lithium chloride
(LiCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), potassium carbonate
(K2CO3), magnesium nitrate (MgNO3), sodium bromide (NaBr), sodium chloride (NaCl), and potassium chloride
(KCl) were from Alfa Aesar. Millipore-produced deionized water (∼18
MΩ) was used throughout the experiment, and all of the chemicals
were used as received without further purification unless mentioned
otherwise.
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2

Ruthenium complex synthesis protocol

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Solvents for reactions were of pro analysis (p.a.) grade or distilled prior to use. Ruthenium trichloride x-hydrate was provided by I2CNS (Zurich), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, lithium chloride (anhydrous, 99%), and ammonium hexafluorophosphate by Alfa Aesar, sodium azide by Sigma-Aldrich, and 4′-methyl-[2,2′-bipyridine]-4-carboxylic acid by FluoroChem.
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3

Fondaparinux Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation

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Fondaparinux (Fpx, Arixtra®, 10 mg/0.8 mL) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (UK). Squalene (SQ) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (France), lithium chloride and trimethylamine hydrochloride from Alfa Aesar (France). Acetone, absolute ethanol, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide and dichloromethane were obtained from Carlo Erba (Italy). Filtered MilliQ water (Millipore®, France) was used. Glucose, glycerol, trehalose, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, Nile red and citrate concentrated solution were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (France). Hard gelatin capsules (size 9el) and capsule feeding needle were purchased from Harvard Apparatus (France). Eudragit L100® was obtained as a gift sample from IMCD (France).
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4

Fabrication of MYS-CuO and LiAlCl4·3SO2 Electrolyte

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Copper (II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CHCOO)2·H2O, 98.0–102.0%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%) from Alfa Aesar, and L-ascorbic acid from Sigma-Aldrich were used for the fabrication (MYS-CuO). Lithium chloride (LiCl, 99.9%, ultra-dry), aluminum chloride (AlCl3, 99.99%, ultra-dry), from Alfa Aesar, and sulfur dioxide (SO2, 99.5%) purchased from Alpha Gas were used for LiAlCl4·3SO2 preparation. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE, 60 wt% emulsion in H2O) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw 150,000) from Sigma-Aldrich, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, 99.5%) from Samchun Chemicals, and Ketjen Black (KB, EC-600JD carbon black) from Akzo Nobel, Japan, were used for cathode fabrication. Glass microfiber (GF, 190 μm thickness, GC50) obtained from Advantec was used as the separator. Thionyl chloride (SOCl2, > 99.5%) was purchased from Daejung Chemicals to wash out the LiAlCl4·3SO2 electrolyte remaining on the electrode after disassembling the cell.
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5

MAX Phase Material Synthesis and Characterization

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The materials and reagents used in this study were as follows: commercial Ti3AlC2 (MAX) powder (Dingshengkeji Company, Shenzhen, China); hydrofluoric acid, 49–51 wt. % (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); hydrochloric acid, 37 wt. % (ACS reagent, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); sodium hydroxide, 20% (w/w) (RICCA chemical, Arlington, TX, USA); lithium fluoride, 98% (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA); lithium chloride, anhydrous, 98% (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA); formic acid, LC/MS Grade (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA); polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filters, 0.2 micron, 47 mm (Sterlitech, Auburn, WA, USA); analytical standards of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Colorimetric Al3+ Detection using Novel Polymer

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A novel water soluble PT monomer (m1, m2) and copolymer (CP) were synthesized adopting the protocol reported previously [35e37]. The structure of monomers (m1, m2) and CP is shown in Fig. 1a. The protocol adopted for synthesis of m1, m2 and CP and their corresponding NMR spectrum are provided in supplementary information (Fig. S1eS3). For selective Al 3þ detection, two processes were evaluated; (1) CP was incubated with ATP first, followed by addition of Al 3þ ; (2) Al 3þ was incubated with ATP, followed by addition of CP. In order to develop the colorimetric sensor, method 1 was utilized for all experiments in this article, yielding colorimetric responses upon addition of Al 3þ . Method 2 was used to investigate the mechanism of interaction between Al 3þ and ATP. CP solution was stored in 4 C fridge while not in use. Lithium chloride and Cobalt (II) chloride were purchased from Alfa Aesar. The other metal chlorides were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. The measurement of fluorescence and UVeVis spectrum were conducted by microplate readers (infinite m200 pro, TECAN).
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7

Preparation of Redox Electrolytes for Electrochemical Studies

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The [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À/4À electrolyte was prepared from deionized water (Millipore, 418.2 MO cm), deuterium oxide (99.9% atom% D, Aldrich), potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (499%, Alfa Aesar) and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate (99.5%, Sigma). Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (498%, Sigma-Aldrich) and iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used for the preparation of the [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+/2+ electrolyte. For cation dependent measurements, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl, 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), lithium chloride (498%, Alfa Aesar), sodium chloride (99.99%, Alfa Aesar), potassium chloride (99.995%, Alfa Aesar), rubidium chloride (99.8%, Alfa Aesar), cesium chloride (99.9%, Alfa Aesar), lithium perchlorate (495%, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate (499%, Alfa Aesar), lithium nitrate (99%, Alfa Aesar), potassium nitrate (99%, Alfa Aesar), rubidium nitrate (99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich) and cesium nitrate (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used. Furthermore, both [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À/4À and [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+/2+ redox couples were stable in the presence of perchlorate salts, as shown in the cyclic voltammograms (ESI2, †). This journal is © the Owner Societies 2018
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8

Quantification of miR-21 Expression

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Total RNA was extracted from 5 mm sections of frozen proximal colon samples with the Total RNA Purification kit (Norgen Biotek Corp., Thorold, ON, Canada) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. To remove potentially contaminating DSS, purified RNA samples were precipitated with 2.5M lithium chloride (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), as described previously (35 (link)). Reverse transcription and real time-PCR were performed with specific TaqMan primers for miR-21 (#000397, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and U6 snRNA (#001973, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Fold change of expression was calculated based on the ΔΔCt method.
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9

Investigating MYC-interacting proteins using affinity purification

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Cycloheximide and MG132 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Lithium chloride was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). S-protein agarose beads were obtained from Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA). MYC antibody-conjugated agarose beads were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The following antibodies were used: anti-FLAG (Proteintech; San Diego, CA, USA), anti-MYC (Proteintech; San Diego, CA, USA), anti-OTUD7B (Proteintech; San Diego, CA, USA), anti-cyclophilin B (Invitrogen; Waltham, MA, USA), anti-HSP90 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-HA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-V5 (Proteintech; San Diego, CA, USA), anti-α-tubulin (Proteintech; San Diego, CA, USA), and anti-lamin B1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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10

RNA Extraction and Purification from Tissues

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Surfaces and equipment were RNase-decontaminated with RNaseZAP® (cat. #AM9780; ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Liver and brain tissue messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted and purified in triplicate per animal by using the TRIzol® Reagent protocol [83 (link)]. The aqueous phase was extracted by using 200 µL chloroform with a 5 min incubation at 24 °C. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was removed by using 7.5 μM lithium chloride (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) precipitation at −20 °C overnight.
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