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4 protocols using cl 316 243

1

Adipocyte Lipid Metabolism Regulation

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Antibodies against OGT (ab96718), OGA (MGEA5, ab124807), O-GlcNAc (RL2, ab2739), PLIN1 (ab3526), SNAP23 (ab3340), ATGL (ab99532), DGAT1 (11561-1-AP), Fsp27 (CIDE C, ab77115), and p-Ser (phosphoserine, PSR-45) (Abcam); p492-phosphorylated PLIN1 (4855) and p517-phosphorylated PLIN1 (4856) (Vala Sciences); HA (H3663) (Sigma-Aldrich); CGI-58 (ABHD5, 12201-1-AP), PLIN2 (15294-1-AP), and PLIN3 (TIP47, 10694-1-AP) (Proteintech); p563-HSL (4139), phospho-Akt (Ser473, 9271), and Akt (9272) (Cell Signaling Technology); Myc (sc-40), DGAT2 (sc-66859), and β-actin (sc-8432) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were purchased from the indicated sources. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated secondary antibodies, BODIPY 493/503, and BODIPY 558/568 C12 fatty acid were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), OA, Fsk, and IBMX were from Sigma-Aldrich. CL-316,243 was from R&D Systems. OGT inhibitor ST045849 (ST04) was purchased from TimTec. TMG was from Cayman Chemical.
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2

Detailed GPCR-MRAP Receptor Cloning

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The MRAPs (MRAP1 and MRAP2) and 48 selected GPCRs were cloned from a wild‐type mouse cDNA library. The N‐terminal 3xHA and 2xFLAG tag were fused to GPCRs and MRAPs by PCR and the tagged cds sequence of receptor genes were all cloned into a pcDNA3.1(+) vector. Forty‐eight selected GPCRs were tagged with non‐fluorescent fragments of YFP F1 at C‐terminus. The C‐end of MRAP1 and MRAP2 were tagged with FLAG and non‐fluorescent fragments of YFP F2. Primer sequences are available on request. The validity of all constructs in this study was verified by DNA sequencing.
Prostaglandin E2, the agonist of PTGER2 and PTGER4, was purchased from TargetMol. CL‐316,243 (the agonist of ADRB3), L‐161,982 (the antagonist of PTGER4), SR 59230A (the antagonist of ADRB3), PF‐04418948 (the antagonist of Ptger2) and Antalarmin (the antagonist of CRHR1) were purchased from R&D SYSTEMS. CRF, the agonist of CRHR1, was purchased from MCE (MedChemExpress).
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3

Adipose-Specific Regulation of KitL

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All mice used in this study were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory, including Kitlfl/fl (stock n. 017861), Adipoq-Cre (stock n. 010803), Osx1-Cre (stock n. 006361), and KitlEGFP (stock n. 017860). All animals were kept on a 14 hour (h):10 h light: dark cycle in the animal facility at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Mice were group-housed, with free access to water and either a standard chow diet or 60% high fat diet (Research Diets, D12492). 1 mg/kg BW of CL-316, 243 (R&D Systems, #1499, diluted in saline) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected when indicated. For thermoneutral housing, mice born at 22°C were transferred to a room maintained continuously at 30°C at the age indicated. All procedures involving animals were conducted within Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines under approved protocols.
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4

Quantifying Thermogenic Response in Mice

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Ucp1-mediated thermogenesis was assessed using an infrared imaging technique29 (link). Briefly, mice are anesthetized with Avertin made with 25 g of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, #4, 840-2) in 15.5 mL tert-amyl alcohol to form a 80x stock solution and diluted to 20 mg/mL in saline. After 2 min post-Avertin injection, mice are injected intraperitoneally with either saline or CL-316,243 (0.0155 mg/kg, R&D Systems, Inc; Item # 1499/10). Average of oxygen consumption taken at 5 s intervals with an indirect calorimetry system (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) from 19–20 min post Avertin injection and the top 10% interscapular dorsal temperature is determined by a thermal image taken 20 min post-Avertin by infrared camera (T650sc, emissivity of 0.98, FLiR Systems). Thermal images are analyzed using AMIDE-bin 1.0.5 software. Experiment is conducted on two different days (separated by 2–3 days between tests) on the same mice for saline and CL-316,243 injections.
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