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Running wheel

Manufactured by Columbus Instruments
Sourced in United States

The Running Wheels are a laboratory equipment designed to facilitate physical activity studies in animal models. The wheels provide a controlled environment for animals to engage in voluntary running or exercise. The core function of the Running Wheels is to enable the recording and monitoring of an animal's running activity and distance traveled.

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10 protocols using running wheel

1

Voluntary Exercise and Sedentary Behavior

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Running wheels (Columbus Instruments or University of Iowa Animal Care Facility) were placed in home cages and all mice were housed individually. Thus mice had free access to Running wheels. Running wheel activity was recorded and converted to average distance per day. Sedentary groups consisted of housing mice individually in cages for the same duration as the running wheel group.
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2

Voluntary Wheel Running Behavior

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The running wheels (diameter, 10.16 cm; width, 5.1 cm; Columbus Instruments) were mounted to the top of the cage lids and were programmed to record the total number of revolutions at 1-h intervals for the duration of the experiment. Body weights, food consumption, and water intake were measured weekly at approximately the same time during the light cycle. Food weight measurements consisted of subtracting the week’s remaining pellets on the cage lids and bottoms from that week’s starting weight.
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3

Aortic Remodeling in Exercised Mice

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Three-month-old PECAM1+/+ and PECAM1−/− male mice were divided into sedentary and exercised groups. Voluntary physical activity of active animals (exercised) were subjected to voluntary exercise training by wheel running for 30 min in cages equipped with running wheels (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). Sedentary groups (sedentary) were housed during this time in cages without wheels. After running, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of Ketamine (80 mg/kg) and Xylazine (5 mg/kg), then the aorta were collected in ice-cold PBS and surrounding connective tissue was quickly removed under dissection microscope. Aortic lysates were prepared by using Precellys® Minilys Bead Homogenizer (Bertin Technologies, France). Another group of mice were injected (by i.p.) with vehicle (PBS) or recombinant human HGF (0.3 µg/mice). Then aortic lysates were prepared 30 min after the injection for Western blot analysis, n=3–5 per each group. The investigation conforms to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, Revised 2011) and was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Rochester.
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4

Forelimb Grip Strength and Voluntary Wheel-Running Protocols

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Forelimb grip strength was measured with the Mouse Grip Strength Meter (1027SM; Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) at ages 30, 60, and 120 days. The average grip strength was calculated from three trials conducted in series. Voluntary wheel-running (VWR) was assessed using home cages equipped with running wheels (0297–8; Columbus Instruments) using experimental procedures previously described by other groups at the Yale School of Medicine73 (link),74 (link). Briefly, mice were individually housed for one week and maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum. The number of wheel-turns was continuously recorded by ClockLab software (Actimetrics, Wilmette, IL, USA). Data files were exported to MATLAB and converted to Excel spreadsheets using Clocklab Analysis (Actimetrics, Wilmette, IL, USA).
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5

High-fat Diet and Voluntary Exercise

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Animal studies were approved by the Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Male mice were housed in a temperature-controlled environment with a 12:12 h light:dark cycle and weaned on standard chow (5% fat, 72% carbohydrate) (5001; Harlan Teklad). At 13–16 weeks, the mice were placed on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (45% fat, 25% sucrose) (D03021303; Research Diets) and water. For voluntary exercise studies, mice were individually housed in cages equipped with running wheels (Columbus Instruments). Mice were fasted 3 h prior to being killed.
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6

Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice

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Mice were individually housed in low-profile rat cages with running wheels (Columbus Instruments, OH, USA). Sedentary control mice received wheels that were locked in position to control for environmental enrichment provided by the presence of the wheel and the larger cages. Each cage was also furnished with bedding materials. The number of wheel rotations was recorded hourly using Multi-Device software (Columbus Instruments, OH, USA).
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7

Circadian Rhythm and Fitness Monitoring

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p16-3MR mice were individually housed for 3 days prior to being transferred to an isolated room and monitored using a Promethion system (Sable Systems, North Las Vegas NV, USA) for 4 consecutive days. Alternatively, after 3 days of acclimation to single housing, mice were transferred to cages enriched with a running wheel (Columbus Instruments, Columbus OH, USA) and measured for 3 nights. Food intake was measured by weighting the chow every 24 hours. For grip strength, individual mice were trained for 3 trials and then grasping time measured over a subsequent 3 trials and averaged.
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8

Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice

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Mice assigned to the exercise group were singly housed with a running wheel (supplied by Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) to be used voluntarily. Each wheel had a magnetic indicator and hall effect sensor that connected to a computer interface and recorded wheel revolutions (converted to kilometers). The wheel had a flat area measuring 2 inches (5.1 cm) × 4 inches (10.2 cm) and had a height of 5.5 inches (14 cm) and an interior diameter of 3.625 inches (9.2 cm). Wheel running data was collected daily, and mice were checked to ensure the wheel was still functioning properly. A five-day introductory period preceded four days of hourly recorded data, ending with five additional days of daily running wheel data for a total of 14 days. Sedentary mice were also individually housed.
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9

Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice

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Mice were singly housed in standard cages equipped with a running wheel for 4 weeks (Columbus Instruments). Distances were recorded every 15 min from a counter attached to the wheel. The wheel circumference (111.76 cm) was converted to kilometers.
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10

Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice

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Injured and control mice in the one month wheel running study, were housed individually and given free access to a running wheel (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, Ohio). Sedentary VML mice were housed in a standard mouse cage without access to a running wheel. Daily running totals were calculated from wheel revolutions collected at 5 min intervals and are presented as a daily average of distance ran.
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