Fusarenon x

Deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon X (FX) were purchased from Sigma (Saint-Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of mycotoxins were performed in methanol to reach 100 mM DON, 10 mM NIV and 100 mM FX. Working dilutions were prepared in cell culture media without FCS and antibiotics. Mycotoxin stock solutions as well as working dilutions were stored at −20 °C. Methanol at 0.2%, corresponding to the highest concentration reached upon cell exposure to mycotoxins, had no impact on cell viability and cytokine production. Methanol (LC-MS grade) was obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Val De Reuil, France).

DeoxyNivalenol (DON), 3-acetylDeoxyNivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetylDeoxyNivalenol (15-ADON), Fusarenon-X (FX), Nivalenol (NIV), and DeoxyNivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) culture medium, Fetal Bovine Serum and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cell survival assay was performed using the cell counting kit-8 (DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.