Nm 200l 423

Esophageal varices (EV) were graded as follows: (i) grade 1: small, straight EV; (ii) grade 2: enlarged, tortuous EV occupying less than one‐third of the lumen; and (iii) grade 3: large, coil‐shaped EV occupying more than one‐third of the lumen. Gastric varices were defined according to previous study.12, 13All treatments are performed under intravenous anesthesia. Propofol (Diprivan^®; AstraZeneca, Cheshire, UK) was administered by bolus injection according to the protocol previously reported (0.25 mg/kg with additional doses of 20–30 mg when necessary, up to a maximum dose of 120 mg). To prevent tissue glue from obstructing the endoscopic channel and injection needle, the injection needle (Olympus, NM‐200L‐423, Tokyo, Japan) was exhausted with lauromacrogol before entering the endoscope. The Olympus GIF‐XQ240/260 gastroscope was used to target varicose vein for treatment using the “sandwich” technique.13 The needle is quickly flushed with lauromacrogol, followed by tissue adhesive (Beijing Compont Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) and then again by lauromacrogol.13 The needle sheath is held in place for a few seconds and observed for bleeding. The target vein may be supplemented with surplus tissue adhesive when necessary. Proton‐pump inhibitor was administered intravenously for 24–48 h postoperatively, followed by proton‐pump inhibitor tablet for 2 months.